Nathan J. Savage, PT, DPT, PhD

Board-Certified Orthopaedic Specialist

Board-Certified Clinical Electrophysiologic Specialist

Registered in Musculoskeletal® sonography

Associate Professor

Department of Physical Therapy

Winston-Salem State University

Winston-Salem, NC

Dr. Savage is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Winston-Salem State University. Dr. Savage began clinical practice in 2000 and is Board Certified in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy and Clinical Electrophysiology by the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties and is Registered in Musculoskeletal® sonography by the Alliance for Physician Certification and Advancement. Dr. Savage has advanced training and certifications in orthopaedic manual therapy and acupuncture dry needling. Dr. Savage holds a PhD in Rehabilitation Science from the University of Utah and a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree from the University of Kansas Medical Center. Dr. Savage has several peer-reviewed publications in orthopedics, electrodiagnostics, and ultrasound imaging including in the Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy, European Spine Journal, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, JOSPT Cases, JOSPT Open, International Journal of Physiotherapy, Medical Science Educator, and Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions. 

Alicia Emerson PT, DPT, PhD, MS

Board-Certified Orthopaedic Clinical Specialist

Fellow, American Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapists

Associate Professor

Department of Physical Therapy

Winston-Salem State University

Winston-Salem, NC

Dr. Emerson is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Winston-Salem State University. She completed her PhD from the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand in 2023. Dr. Emerson earned several degrees (MS in Physical Therapy from University of Indianapolis, MS in Rehabilitation Sciences from University of Illinois at Chicago), and she is a Board Certified Specialist in Orthopaedics and a Fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapists. Dr. Emerson was awarded the 2021 Social Impact Award by the American Physical Therapy Association. Her teaching and research interests center on the functional implications in pain processing in complex patient presentations, clinical reasoning for primary care physical therapists, and managing/preventing chronic pain. Dr. Emerson has published in numerous journals, including Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal, JOSPT, Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy .

Jason Jakiela, PhD

Assistant Professor

Department of Physical Therapy

Winston-Salem State University

Winston-Salem, NC

Dr. Jakiela is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Winston-Salem State University. He completed his PhD in Biomechanics and Movement Science in the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Delaware in 2023. Dr. Jakiela also completed his postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Delaware. His areas of expertise and training include anatomy and epidemiology. Dr. Jakiela has presented his research at several physical therapy and clinical conferences, including CSM, ACR Convergence, and OARSI. His work in physical activity, physical function, and knee osteoarthritis has been published in peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy, Journal of Rheumatology, Arthritis Care & Research, Musculoskeletal Care, and Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal.

DESCRIPTION:

Although physical therapists are well positioned to manage the adolescent female athlete, the complexity of developmental, neuromusculoskeletal, and performance factors are siloed among clinicians. 

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this education session, attendees will be able to:

1)        Analyze key sex-specific risk factors contributing to neuromusculoskeletal and psychological injuries in adolescent female athletes across common sports.

2)        Evaluate the effectiveness of evidence-based neuromuscular, strength, and conditioning programs in reducing ACL injuries and chronic pain conditions.

3)        Integrate nutritional, psychological, and menstrual health considerations into comprehensive injury prevention strategies for adolescent female athletes.

4)        Design a multidisciplinary injury prevention framework tailored to the developmental and sport-specific needs of adolescent female athletes.

REFERENCES:

1) Thornton L, Goodloe JB, Groseclose I, et al. Biomechanical assessment and neuromuscular training to mitigate risk of reinjury after ACLR. Video J Sports Med. 2023;3(4).

2) Morrow R. An 8-week neuromuscular training programme reduces the risk of ACL injury and increases athletic performance variables in female court sport athletes. 2019.

3) Thorborg K, Krommes K, Esteve E, et al. Effect of specific injury prevention programmes on the prevalence of injuries in adolescent team sports: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(18):1473–1480.

4) Vescovi JD, VanHeest JL. Effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs on knee injury rates in adolescent female athletes: A meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(1):197–207.

5) Tenforde AS, Sayres LC, McCurdy ML, et al. Overuse injuries in high school runners: Lifetime prevalence and prevention strategies. PM R. 2018;13(1):1–8.

6) Logue DM, Madigan SM, Melin AK, et al. Low energy availability in athletes 2022: International Olympic Committee consensus statement. Br J Sports Med. 2022;56(4):230–250.

7) Mountjoy M, Sundgot-Borgen J, Burke LM, et al. International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(4):316–331.

Grace Russo PT, DPT

Grace began her career as a cardiovascular and pulmonary PT resident in Dallas, TX, working primarily in the CVICU and MICU environment. Throughout her year as a resident, Grace was able to provide patient care across the continuum, from the acute inpatient/ICU care, inpatient rehabilitation, and the outpatient setting. Grace is most passionate about optimizing patient care in patients who are pre- and post-solid organ transplant and in advocating to promote equitable access to physical therapy care. Grace is currently working at Duke’s outpatient cardiopulmonary clinic in Durham, NC.

Claire Fanto PT, DPT

Claire started her career in a large teaching hospital in Philadelphia where she worked for 6 years. Rotating to different services and ICUs, she became passionate about cardiopulmonary and vascular diagnoses and became a specialist in 2020. She worked primarily with the heart and lung transplant population as well as the critically ill cardiac medicine population. She moved to Guatemala for 6 months working alongside Guatemalan PTs and OTs to serve the rural community in the Zacapa region. Following return to the US, she started working at Duke’s outpatient cardiopulmonary clinic to continue her passion of working with the lung transplant population.

DESCRIPTION:

Knowledge of venous thromboembolism (VTE) presentation and sequelae is relevant to physical therapists across the continuum of care. VTE, such as a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), are potentially fatal complications that can arise in any setting, whether a patient has experienced  prolonged bed rest or is at a high functional level post-operatively. Regardless of the primary system of impairment, many patients are at varying risk for VTE. This presentation will empower attendees with the knowledge and tools to screen for and identify “red flag” findings raising suspicion for VTE as well as considerations when treating patients with a recent or chronic history of VTE. As physical therapists move towards a role of primary care providers, it is of the utmost importance that we are equipped with the knowledge to know when to refer out and have our patients seek medical attention.

OBJECTIVES:

Define venous thromboembolism and subclasses of VTE.

List concerning findings and symptoms relevant to VTE that may warrant further medical attention/referral.

Utilize validated prediction tools and algorithms to help guide clinical decision making regarding PT treatment in the context of VTE.

Explain common medical treatments utilized for patients with VTE.

Describe evidence-based PT interventions that can be implemented in patients with VTE who are otherwise medically appropriate to participate.

REFERENCES:

Chopard R, Albertsen IE, Piazza G. Diagnosis and treatment of lower extremity venous thromboembolism. JAMA. 2020;324(17):1765. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.17272 

Heick, John D. PT, PhD. Applying Clinical Decision Rules in a Patient With Venous Thromboembolism After an Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 30(4):p 139-144, October 2019. | DOI: 10.1097/CPT.0000000000000109 

Hillegass, E. et al. (2016) ‘Role of physical therapists in the management of individuals at risk for or diagnosed with venous thromboembolism: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline’, Physical Therapy, 96(2), pp. 143–166. doi:10.2522/ptj.20150264.

Hillegass E, Lukaszewicz K, Puthoff M. Role of physical therapists in the management of individuals at risk for or diagnosed with venous thromboembolism: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline 2022. Physical Therapy. 2022;102(8). doi:10.1093/ptj/pzac057 

Jervan Ø, Haukeland-Parker S, Gleditsch J, Tavoly M, Klok FA, Steine K, Johannessen HH, Spruit MA, Atar D, Holst R, Astrup Dahm AE, Sirnes PA, Stavem K, Ghanima W. The Effects of Exercise Training in Patients With Persistent Dyspnea Following Pulmonary Embolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chest. 2023 Oct;164(4):981-991. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.042. Epub 2023 May 5. PMID: 37149257.

Luijten D, de Jong CMM, Ninaber MK, Spruit MA, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Post-Pulmonary Embolism Syndrome and Functional Outcomes after Acute Pulmonary Embolism. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2023 Nov;49(8):848-860. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1749659. Epub 2022 Jul 12. PMID: 35820428.

Nopp S, Klok FA, Moik F, et al. Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with persisting symptoms after pulmonary embolism. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020;9(6):1811. doi:10.3390/jcm9061811 

Jen Meyer PT, DPT, NCS is a physical therapist at Carolinas Rehabilitation in Charlotte, NC. She is the academic and outpatient clinical coordinator for the Carolinas Rehabilitation Neurologic Residency Program. She received her Doctorate in Physical Therapy from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and completed a neurologic residency at Vanderbilt University. Her clinical and teaching interests include vestibular diagnoses, concussion, and multiple sclerosis. She is also passionate about integrating wellness and health promotion in the neurologic patient population.

DESCRIPTION:

New literature substantiates the value of vestibular rehabilitation for patients with neurologic diagnoses but research is limited regarding implementation and best practices across a variety of neurologic conditions. This presentation will provide an assessment and treatment framework for vestibular considerations using evidence and case-based examples of patients with MS, ALS, neurosarcoidosis, and concussion. The lecture will discuss foundational principles and knowledge of neuroanatomy that help guide decision-making for neurologic patients. It will apply concepts of vestibular rehabilitation strategies to optimally treat patients with a variety of clinical presentations. And it will engage learners to think critically about their own clinical practice to better address the whole patient in treatment planning and plan of care setting. 

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lecture, the learner will be able to: 

1. Identify a framework for assessing vestibular impairments in individuals with a variety of neurologic diagnoses. 

2. Discuss foundational principles of neurologic rehabilitation. 

3. Use movement analysis and prioritizing impairments to optimize intervention selection. 

4. Consider graded exposure training in specific neurologic impairment domains as a modality to apply to neurologic patients with a variety of clinical presentations. 

REFERENCES:

Chaput M, Simon JE, Taberner M, Grooms DR. From Control to Chaos: Visual-Cognitive Progression During Recovery from ACL Reconstruction. ˜The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy/Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 2024;54(7):1-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2024.12443

Corrado C, Willer BS, McPherson JI, et al. Adolescents With More Oculomotor and Vestibular Signs of Sport-Related Concussion Benefit from Aerobic Exercise: An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of neurotrauma. 2023;40(15-16):1718-1729. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2022.0225

Hall CD, Herdman SJ, Whitney SL, et al. Vestibular Rehabilitation for Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: An Updated Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy. 2022;46(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT.0000000000000382

Hebert JR, Corboy JR, Vollmer T, Forster JE, Schenkman M. Efficacy of Balance and Eye-Movement Exercises for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis (BEEMS). Neurology. 2018;90(9):e797-e807. doi:https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005013

Liran Kalderon, Kaplan A, Amit Wolfovitz, Levy-Tzedek S, Yoav Gimmon. Barriers and Facilitators of Vestibular Rehabilitation: Patients and Physiotherapists’ Perspectives. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy. Published online March 1, 2024. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/npt.0000000000000470

McLoughlin J. Concussion Rehabilitation and the Application of Ten Movement Training Principles. Cureus. 15(10):e46520. doi:https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46520

Neumann N, Fullana MA, Radua J, Brandt T, Dieterich M, Lotze M. Common neural correlates of vestibular stimulation and fear learning: an fMRI meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology. Published online February 1, 2023. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11568-7

Audra Wallace, PT, DPT, NCS, is a board-certified neurological clinical specialist with extensive experience in inpatient physical therapy, and experience in outpatient and academic physical therapy settings as well. She currently serves as an adjunct professor at South College and a per diem physical therapist at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, where she specializes in vestibular and complex acute care rehabilitation. Audra also leads healthcare strategy and content development as Director of Healthcare at Subflow, Inc. Her career spans over a decade, also including roles at Massachusetts General Hospital and Spaulding Hospital, with a strong emphasis on clinical instruction, quality improvement, and evidence-based care. 

DESCRIPTION:

The evolution of physical therapy requires clinicians to adopt innovative approaches to patient care that go beyond traditional in-clinic visits. Technology is no longer optional—it's a catalyst for improving outcomes, engagement, and operational efficiency. This session explores how physical therapists can utilize digital tools to implement Remote Therapeutic Monitoring (RTM), deliver personalized patient education, and automate routine workflows. Participants will gain practical insights into how to integrate technology without disrupting care, using real-world examples of successful implementation. The session will highlight how clinics are leveraging technology to enhance home exercise adherence, improve patient communication, reduce administrative workload, and unlock new revenue streams through RTM. Attendees will leave with a clear understanding of how to implement these tools ethically and effectively, supported by current CMS guidance, APTA recommendations, and real user outcomes.

OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this presentation, attendees will be able to:

Define Remote Therapeutic Monitoring and its relevance to physical therapy reimbursement and care delivery.

Identify key features of technology platforms that support patient engagement and adherence.

Explain how automation and workflow tools can improve efficiency and reduce staff burnout.

Analyze a case example of technology implementation in a clinical setting, including challenges, outcomes, and lessons learned.

REFERENCES:

Aungst TD, Girdler S, Simpson L, Carter L, Jacobs M. Remote therapeutic monitoring for musculoskeletal physical therapy: A mobile health solution to connect therapists and patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Published online 2024. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2024.03.010

Wright J, Gately M, Usinger D, Henry D. Digital health tools for personalized patient education: Promoting engagement and understanding. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2020;14(2):137-144. doi:10.1177/1559827619886192

Hall AM, Zadro JR, Kasza J, et al. Digital health interventions for improving adherence to home exercise programs in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A systematic review. Arch Physiother. 2022;12(1):15. doi:10.1186/s40945-022-00135-6

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Remote Therapeutic Monitoring (RTM) Overview. CMS.gov. Updated January 2024. Accessed May 12, 2025. https://www.cms.gov/medicare/remote-therapeutic-monitoring

American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Digital Health in Physical Therapy: Remote Therapeutic Monitoring. APTA.org. Published September 2023. Accessed May 12, 2025. https://www.apta.org/your-practice/practice-models-and-settings/digital-health/remote-therapeutic-monitoring

American Medical Association (AMA). Understanding RTM Codes and Digital Health Integration. AMA-assn.org. Updated February 2024. Accessed May 12, 2025. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/understanding-remote-therapeutic-monitoring-codes

Wendy Viviers, PT, DPT, MPhil hails from South Africa where she earned a Sports Physiotherapy Specialization degree from the University of Cape Town and ran a successful multidisciplinary clinic focused on the management of active adults aged 45 and above for several years. In the U.S., she is a board-certified Geriatric Clinical Specialist, clinician, and Core Faculty member in a hybrid Doctor of Physical Therapy program. As a PhD in Exercise Science Candidate and a national Co-Coordinator of the Sustained Athlete Fitness Exam (SAFE), Dr. Viviers is actively engaged in research that aims to quantify the parameters of successful aging using competitive Masters athletes as the blue-print. She is passionate about promoting high-load/intensity exercise in middle- and older-aged adults as means of sustaining the highest levels of physical fitness and quality of life with age.

DESCRIPTION:

Let’s face it, underdosing exercise for adults aged 45+ is more common than someone asking for a massage when they hear you’re a PT. And, underdosing isn’t just common, it’s a missed opportunity to induce the magnitude of physiological adaptation needed to sustain high-level function until the Grim Reaper knocks. This session will challenge the pervasive tendency among clinicians to ‘play it safe’ with subtherapeutic loads and hone the art of optimizing the dose-response relationship using a blend of research evidence, clinical pearls, self-practice, and a healthy dose of humor. Participants will leave with a renewed confidence in their ability to harness the power of progressive overload when dosing resistance, high intensity interval, and plyometric training in this patient population. It’s time to shift the narrative; safety lies not in underdosing, but in evidence-based, appropriately-dosed exercise that respects both the resilience and physiological potential of older adults.

OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this educational session, participants will be able to:

1. Identify normal age-related physiological and biomechanical changes which may impact physiological adaptation to high-load/intensity exercise in adults aged 45+.

2. Discuss nutritional, hormonal, lifestyle, and recovery strategies which promote optimal physiological adaptations post-exercise in adults aged 45+.

3. Discuss optimal dosing of resistance, high intensity interval, and plyometric training to counter age-related anabolic resistance and sustain high-level physiological function in adults aged 45+.

4. Design an appropriately-dosed multimodal exercise program using progressive overload principles to optimize physical fitness and functional outcomes in adults aged 45+.

REFERENCES:

1. Izquierdo M, de Souto Barreto P, Arai H, et al. Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR). J Nutri Health Aging. 2025;29(1):100401. https://doi.10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100401. 

2. Markov A, Hauser L, Chaabene H. Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle‑aged and older adults: a systematic review with meta‑analysis. Sports Med. 2023;53:437-455. https://doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01764-2.

3. Hottenrott L, Möhle M, Feichtinger S, et al. Performance and recovery of well-trained younger and older athletes during different HIIT protocols. Sport. 2022;10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10010009.

4. Hurst C, Robinson SM, Witham MD, et al. Resistance exercise as a treatment for sarcopenia: prescription and delivery. Age Ageing. 2022;51(2):1-10. https://doi.10.1093/ageing/afac003. 

5. Atakan MM, Li Y, Kosar SN, Turnagöl HH, Yan X. Evidence-based effects of high-intensity interval training on exercise capacity and health: a review with historical perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:7201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137201. 

6. Paulussen KJ, McKenna CF, Beals JW, et al. Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes. Front Nutr. 2021;8:615849. https://doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.615849.

7. Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S, et al. Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the National Strength and Conditioning Association. J Strength Condition Res. 2019;33(8):2019-2052. https://doi.10.1519/JSC.0000000000003230.

8. Vetrovsky T, Steffl M, Stastny P, Tufano JJ. The efficacy and safety of lower‑limb plyometric training in older adults: a systematic review. Sport Med. 2019;49:113-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1018-x.

9. Borges NR, Reaburn PR, Doering TM, Argus CK, Driller MW. Age-related changes in physical and perceptual markers of recovery following high-intensity interval cycle exercise. Experiment Aging Res. 2018;44(4):338–349. https://doi.10.1080/0361073X.2018.1477361.

10. Browne MG, Franz JR. More push from your push-off: Joint-level modifications to modulate propulsive forces in old age. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(8):1-14. https://doi.10.1371/journal.pone.0201407. 

Dr. Tara Caberwal is an Assistant Professor at Campbell University’s Doctor of Physical Therapy program in Buies Creek, NC. She has over 15 years of clinical practice in military healthcare on Fort Bragg, NC serving as a contract physical therapist for the THOR3 Human Performance program within Special Operations.  Dr. Caberwal has completed her Doctorate of Science in Physical Therapy (DScPT), is an APTA Board-Certified Orthopaedic Clinical Specialist (OCS), and Fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy (FAAOMPT). Currently, she serves as the chair of the American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy (AASPT) Tactical Special Interest Group (SIG). Her research interests include chronic MSK pain, TBI, and improving resiliency of the active-duty soldier. 

Dr. Wentz is an Associate Professor in Nutrition at Appalachian State University, a Registered Dietitian, and a Board Certified Specialist in Sports Dietetics. Dr. Wentz has international experience working with elite athletes and service members, first as the dietitian for Florida State Athletics, then US Army Special Forces, followed by a move to the United Kingdom where she completed a clinical trial to improve performance and immune function in British military recruits. She has coauthored manuscripts on performance and immune health in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, European Journal of Nutrition, Nutrients, Military Medicine, and Journal of Sport and Health Science. Her research focus is sports nutrition to improve health and performance, by examining how nutrition influences metabolism, inflammation, and immune function during exercise.

DESCRIPTION:

Diet and nutrition play a crucial role in the prevention and management of many conditions commonly treated by physical therapists. While it is within the scope of physical therapy practice to screen for and provide general education on nutrition, understanding when to refer to a registered dietitian is essential for ethical and effective patient care. This session will explore the intersection of nutrition and physical therapy, emphasizing the importance of an interdisciplinary approach while clearly defining professional boundaries. Attendees will gain practical strategies for integrating nutrition education into patient management, recognizing red flags that require referral, and fostering collaboration with nutrition professionals. By understanding both the opportunities and limitations of nutrition in physical therapy, clinicians can enhance patient outcomes while maintaining professional integrity. This session is designed for physical therapists seeking to expand their knowledge in this critical area without overstepping their scope of practice. 

OBJECTIVES:

*Define the role of diet and nutrition in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of conditions commonly treated by physical therapists.

*Explain the professional scope of physical therapy practice regarding nutrition education and the importance of interprofessional collaboration.

*Identify appropriate scenarios where a physical therapist can provide nutrition-related education and when a referral to a registered dietitian is necessary.

*Differentiate between evidence-based nutrition guidance that falls within the PT scope and more specialized dietary interventions requiring expert referral.

REFERENCES:

Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. J Sport Health Sci. 2019;8(3):201-217. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009

Dempsey M, Rockwell MS, Wentz LM. The influence of dietary and supplemental omega-3 fatty acids on the omega-3 index: A scoping review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1072653. Published 2023 Jan 19. doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1072653

Eglseer D, Traxler M, Embacher S, et al. Nutrition and Exercise Interventions to Improve Body Composition for Persons with Overweight or Obesity Near Retirement Age: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr. 2023;14(3):516-538. doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.001

Mozaffarian D, Aspry KE, Garfield K, et al. "Food Is Medicine" Strategies for Nutrition Security and Cardiometabolic Health Equity: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83(8):843-864. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.023

Bishop FK, Addala A, Corbin KD, et al. An Overview of Diet and Physical Activity for Healthy Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Lessons Learned from the ACT1ON Consortium. Nutrients. 2023;15(11):2500. Published 2023 May 27. doi:10.3390/nu15112500

Kim HJ, Kwon O. Nutrition and exercise: Cornerstones of health with emphasis on obesity and type 2 diabetes management-A narrative review. Obes Rev. 2024;25(8):e13762. doi:10.1111/obr.13762

Nijs J, Tumkaya Yilmaz S, Elma Ö, et al. Nutritional intervention in chronic pain: an innovative way of targeting central nervous system sensitization?. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2020;24(8):793-803. doi:10.1080/14728222.2020.1784142

Valerie Adams, PT, DPT is a Board-Certified Clinical Specialist in Women’s Health Physical Therapy and a Certified Lymphedema Therapist.  She has a particular interest in the pregnant and postpartum patient populations. She has served as a clinical instructor for DPT students and is a mentor for the Duke University Women’s Health Residency program.  She has teaching experience with the Duke DPT program and has lectured for the Elon DPT program. Valerie has provided numerous in-services to nurses and advance practice providers on topics pertaining to women’s and pelvic health. She currently practices within the Duke University Health System in Durham, NC specializing in pelvic health, women’s health, and oncology. In her spare time, Valerie volunteers as a doula for the UNC Birth Partners Program.    

Tashelle Peigan, PT, DPT is residency trained in Women’s Health Physical Therapy and is a Certified Lymphedema Therapist. She has a passion for treating the continuum of pregnancy and postpartum in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. She has teaching experience with Duke University DPT and her Aluma Matar, University of Wisconsin-Madison DPT, in topics ranging from pelvic health and lymphedema. Tashelle practices within Duke University Health System in Hillsborough and Durham, NC specializing in pelvic health, women’s health, and oncology.

Kaylee Arnold, PT, DPT, is an acute care physical therapist at Duke University Hospital in Durham, NC. She works full-time with pregnant and postpartum populations. She began her career as an acute care generalist with a strong interest in pelvic health and was involved in the implementation of acute peripartum PT at her last hospital in Milwaukee, WI. Kaylee describes her current role as “the best of both worlds,” as it combines the fast-paced nature of acute care with her passion for women’s health, ensuring that pregnant and postpartum patients receive the same level of support and comprehensive care as any other hospital population. 

DESCRIPTION:

This educational session is designed to provide acute care physical therapists the knowledge and confidence to work with patients admitted to antepartum and postpartum units.  The value of physical therapy is gaining increasing recognition for patients after cesarean or vaginal delivery, as well as for high-risk patients hospitalized during pregnancy.  We will review red flags during pregnancy and postpartum, inpatient postpartum PT evaluation components, special considerations for vaginal versus cesarean delivery, early educational topics, and common interventions for patients on bed rest in pregnancy.  Through lecture, discussion, and case examples, you will leave this session with confidence in evaluating and treating this special patient population.  

OBJECTIVES:

1)Understand the role of the acute care physical therapist in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality 

2)Describe physiologic considerations unique to the early postpartum patient population 

3)Effectively conduct an inpatient physical therapy evaluation for a patient who is 24-48 hours status post vaginal or cesarean delivery 

4)Educate pregnant and newly postpartum patients who are currently admitted to the hospital on proper body mechanics with transitional movements, bed mobility, pain mitigation techniques, and strategies to optimize early postpartum recovery 

REFERENCES:

Busse CE, Pence BW, Vladutiu CJ, Tumlinson K, Tucker C, Stuebe AM. Postpartum acute care utilization in a health care system in the Southeastern United States. J Womens Health (Larchmt). Published online November 7, 2024. doi:10.1089/jwh.2024.0756

Corry-Saavedra K, Murphy A, Mei JY. Clinical and demographic factors associated with increased risk of postpartum readmission among patients presenting to the emergency department by 6 weeks postpartum. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2025;38(1). doi:10.1080/14767058.2025.2466210

Critchley CJC. Physical therapy is an important component of postpartum care in the fourth trimester. Phys Ther. 2022;102(5):pzac021. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzac021

Henshaw EJ, Cooper MA, Jaramillo M, Lamp JM, Jones AL, Wood TL. “Trying to figure out if you’re doing things right, and where to get the info”: Parents recall information and support needed during the first 6 weeks postpartum. Matern Child Health J. 2018;22(11):1668-1675. doi:10.1007/s10995-018-2565-3

Mei JY, Alexander S, Muñoz HE, Murphy A. Risk factors for emergency department visits and readmissions for postpartum hypertension. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2025;38(1):2451662. doi:10.1080/14767058.2025.2451662

Palacio M, Mottola MF. Activity restriction and hospitalization in pregnancy: Can bed-rest exercise prevent deconditioning? A narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(2):1454. doi:10.3390/ijerph20021454

Pritchett RV, Rudge G, Taylor B, et al. Emergency maternal hospital readmissions in the postnatal period: A population-based cohort study. BJOG. 2025;132(2):178-188. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17955

Rokicki S, Patel M, Suplee PD, D'Oria R. Racial and ethnic disparities in access to community-based perinatal mental health programs: results from a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1094. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18517-7

Andreas Remis, DPT

Dr. Remis is a physical therapist who practices at Duke Health and teaches within doctoral and postdoctoral programs at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. He graduated with highest distinction from the University of Nebraska Medical Center (2022) and received postdoctoral training at Mayo Clinic (2023), the University of Southern California (2024), and Duke University (2025). Orthopedic residency and spine and orthopedic fellowships have given Dr. Remis extensive experience collaborating with physicians to manage thoracic outlet syndrome. These experiences have allowed Dr. Remis to be a referral source for thoracic outlet syndrome within the Duke system. Additionally, Dr. Remis teaches the thoracic outlet section in the Doctor of Occupational Therapy Hand Fellowship. Dr. Remis has presented professionally 27 times, including at local (APTA NC), national (CSM, NASS), and international conferences (ISSLS). Dr. Remis is passionate about improving the quality of life for citizens of our country by optimizing the physical therapy care provided to patients. 

DESCRIPTION:

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a perplexing and intimidating diagnosis to recognize and manage. This educational session will review clinical patterns, strategies for clinical diagnosis, and evidence-informed physical therapy management. Importantly, the session will review the various “special tests” for thoracic outlet syndrome, including differentiating which are helpful, and discuss how a thorough history and physical exam can improve diagnostic clarity. Importantly, the session will include a lab session in which recommended tests will be practiced with a partner. Finally, the session will review diagnostic studies and interventional strategies for thoracic outlet syndrome. The session will include real-world case analyses, including conservative and postoperative cases. Attendees will leave with enhanced confidence in providing those with thoracic outlet syndrome an excellent healthcare experience. 

OBJECTIVES:

•        Describe the clinical presentation of arterial, venous, and neurogenic thoracic outlet syndromes.

•        Analyze the utility of clinical thoracic outlet tests, including “special” tests.

•        Physically practice recommended thoracic outlet tests.

•        Identify key measures to track when managing thoracic outlet syndrome.

•        Recognize medical management strategies for thoracic outlet syndrome.

•        Advocate for the role of physical therapy in managing thoracic outlet syndrome.

REFERENCES:

Hock G, Johnson A, Barber P, Papa C. Current Clinical Concepts: Rehabilitation of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. J Athl Train. 2024;59(7):683-695. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0138.22

Jones MR, Prabhakar A, Viswanath O, et al. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Pain Ther. 2019;8(1):5-18. doi:10.1007/s40122-019-0124-2

Li N, Dierks G, Vervaeke HE, et al. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med. 2021;10(5):962. Published 2021 Mar 1. doi:10.3390/jcm10050962

Levine NA, Rigby BR. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Biomechanical and Exercise Considerations. Healthcare (Basel). 2018;6(2):68. Published 2018 Jun 19. doi:10.3390/healthcare6020068

Hixson KM, Horris HB, McLeod TCV, Bacon CEW. The Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Diagnostic Tests for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. J Sport Rehabil. 2017;26(5):459-465. doi:10.1123/jsr.2016-0051

Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 1: anatomy, and clinical examination/diagnosis. J Man Manip Ther. 2010;18(2):74-83. doi:10.1179/106698110X12640740712734

Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical management. J Man Manip Ther. 2010;18(3):132-138. doi:10.1179/106698110X12640740712338

Plewa MC, Delinger M. The false-positive rate of thoracic outlet syndrome shoulder maneuvers in healthy subjects. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5(4):337-342. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02716.x 

Nathan J. Savage, PT, DPT, PhD

Dr. Savage is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Winston-Salem State University. Dr. Savage began clinical practice in 2000 and is Board Certified in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy and Clinical Electrophysiology by the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties and is Registered in Musculoskeletal® sonography by the Alliance for Physician Certification and Advancement. Dr. Savage has advanced training and certifications in orthopaedic manual therapy and acupuncture dry needling. Dr. Savage holds a PhD in Rehabilitation Science from the University of Utah and a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree from the University of Kansas Medical Center. Dr. Savage has several peer-reviewed publications in orthopedics, electrodiagnostics, and ultrasound imaging including in the Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy, European Spine Journal, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, JOSPT Cases, JOSPT Open, International Journal of Physiotherapy, Medical Science Educator, and Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions.

DESCRIPTION:

The U.S. healthcare system faces critical shortages of primary and specialty care providers, rising costs, and limited access to quality diagnostics, especially in rural and underserved regions. Physical therapists expanding into primary care represent a needed innovation to bridge these gaps. This perspective highlights the essential role of electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing and ultrasound imaging (USI) as point-of-care diagnostic tools within contemporary primary care physical therapist practice. Recognized pathways for training and credentialing already exist, and the authors advocate for integrating EDX and USI more deeply into entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy education and post-graduate opportunities. Doing so will expand physical therapists’ diagnostic capabilities, solidify their role as primary care providers, and elevate their standing within the broader healthcare landscape. Greater integration of these technologies will improve access to affordable, timely care, easing burdens on the healthcare system and helping the physical therapy profession evolve to meet the demands of a strained future.

OBJECTIVES:

1. Analyze the current challenges within the U.S. healthcare system that necessitate expanded diagnostic roles for primary care physical therapists.

2. Differentiate the clinical applications, indications, and limitations of electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing and ultrasound imaging (USI) in point-of-care decision-making.

3. Evaluate existing education, training, and credentialing pathways for physical therapists seeking competence in EDX and USI.

4. Formulate strategies to integrate EDX and USI into contemporary physical therapy practice to enhance patient access, improve diagnostic accuracy, and strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration.

REFERENCES:

1. Savage NJ, McKell JS. Exploring divergent electrodiagnostic and sonographic findings in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome: role of median nerve cross-sectional area. J Clin Ultrasound. 2025.

2. Rawat M, Kostopoulos D, Rizopoulos K, Dodson W, Blair K, Henderson J, Grow M, Upreti C. Impact of electrodiagnostic (EMG/NCS) tests on clinical decision-making and patient perceived benefit in the outpatient physical therapy practice. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(1):170-174. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.12.002

3. Kirkham CA, Rawat M. Isolated fracture of the greater tuberosity. JOSPT Cases. 2022;2(1):32-33. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2022.10349

4. Flatt S, Rawat M. Metallosis after total hip arthroplasty. JOSPT Cases. 2021;1(3):197-198. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2021.10339

5. Savage NJ, McKell JS. Sonographic measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area to determine severity of carpal tunnel syndrome: a cautionary tale. J Ultrasound Med. 2024;43:1645-1659. doi:10.1002/jum.16389

6. Savage NJ, McKell JS. Median nerve cross-sectional area and carpal tunnel syndrome in specific populations: sonographic analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes or bifid anatomy. J Ultrasound Med. 2024;43:1683-1694. doi:10.1002/jum.16392

Brian Neville is an Assistant Professor in the Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at Campbell University in Buies Creek, NC.  Brian earned his DPT at Duke University and practiced clinically in the sports and orthopedic private practice setting for over a decade.  He earned his PhD in Rehabilitation Science from George Mason University, where his doctoral dissertation focused on the proteomic response to aerobic endurance training.  Teaching responsibilities at Campbell University include Exercise Physiology and Human Physiology. He has presented at APTA Combined Sections Meeting on Regenerative Rehabilitation and has published in the Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal and Physical Therapy Journal. 

Karlyn Green is an Assistant Professor in the Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at Campbell University in North Carolina. Karlyn continues to work at Duke University Hospital as a physical therapist on the cardiopulmonary floors. She is an APTA board certified specialist in cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy and orthopedic physical therapy. Karlyn completed an orthopedic residency with HealthCare Partners/Kaiser Permanente and a cardiopulmonary residency with Duke University Hospital System. Karlyn has published in the Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal, Physical Therapy Journal, and helped author the Restrictive Lung Disease chapter the textbook Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy. Karlyn has presented at APTA Combined Sections Meetings, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation conference, and at North Carolina APTA conferences. She is active in the Academy of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy holding an office on the nominating committee and volunteering on the education committee and membership committee. As part of her service to Harnett County, she currently serves as the faculty advisor for the Campbell DPT Pro Bono Clinic. 

DESCRIPTION:

Aerobic conditioning remains a cornerstone intervention across physical therapy practice settings. Selected clinical practice guidelines and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines emphasize the use of maximal oxygen uptake (i.e., VO2max or VO2peak) to guide aerobic exercise prescription. This session will explore the practical application of VO₂ testing for assessment and the development of exercise prescriptions. The session will also cover expected physiological adaptations to aerobic training, timelines for change, and the concept of VO2 trainability - the individual variability in responsiveness to aerobic training. 

OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this session, participants will be able to:

1.        Describe the physiological significance of VO₂ and its role in assessing aerobic capacity.

2.        Interpret VO₂ testing results to design personalized exercise prescriptions.

3.        Explain the concept of VO2 trainability and identify factors that influence individual variability in VO₂ training responses.

4.        Apply VO₂ data to monitor and adjust training programs for optimal outcomes.

REFERENCES:

1.        American College of Sports Medicine, Liguori, G., & Magal, M. (2021). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (Eleventh edition.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

2.        Shoemaker MJ, Dias KJ, Lefebvre KM, Heick JD, Collins SM. Physical Therapist Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Individuals With Heart Failure. Phys Ther. 2020;100(1):14-43. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzz127

3.        George SZ, Fritz JM, Silfies SP, et al. Interventions for the Management of Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain: Revision 2021: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2021;51(11):CPG1-CPG60. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0304

4.        Bacon AP, Carter RE, Ogle EA, Joyner MJ. VO2max trainability and high intensity interval training in humans: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e73182. Published 2013 Sep 16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073182

5.        Bouchard C, An P, Rice T, et al. Familial aggregation of VO(2max) response to exercise training: results from the HERITAGE Family Study. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999;87(3):1003-1008. doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1003

6.        Hota M, Barber JL, Ruiz-Ramie JJ, et al. Omics-driven investigation of the biology underlying intrinsic submaximal working capacity and its trainability. Physiol Genomics. 2023;55(11):517-543. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00163.2022

7.        Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301(19):2024-2035. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.681

8.        Lundby C, Montero D, Joyner M. Biology of VO2 max: looking under the physiology lamp. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2017;220(2):218-228. doi:10.1111/apha.12827

9.        Montero D, Lundby C. Refuting the myth of non-response to exercise training: 'non-responders' do respond to higher dose of training [published correction appears in J Physiol. 2018 Apr 1;596(7):1311. doi: 10.1113/JP275942.]. J Physiol. 2017;595(11):3377-3387. doi:10.1113/JP273480

10.        Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab. 2024;36(4):702-724. 

D. Glenn Clarke, PT, DPT, SCS, CSCS, is a highly credentialed sports physical therapist with extensive expertise in athletic rehabilitation, strength and conditioning, and clinical education. He earned his Doctorate of Physical Therapy from Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine and is a Board-Certified Clinical Specialist in Sports Physical Therapy. He is currently pursuing a PhD in Human Movement Science, with a focus on the effect of posterior tibial slope on post-surgical functional and performance outcomes.   

Glenn practices at the Duke University Hospital Sports Medicine Clinic, where he focuses on post-surgical rehabilitation and return to sport, previously acting as a Sports Performance Specialist within the Duke FIFA Medical Center of Excellence. In addition to his clinical work, Glenn has previously presented at CSM on workload monitoring, data analysis, and return to sport protocols.    

Prior to pursuing his DPT, Glenn was the Head Strength and Conditioning Coach at the University of Chicago, and a Strength and Conditioning Coach at the University of Notre Dame where he coached Men’s Lacrosse, Men & Women’s Track and Field. Glenn currently resides in Raleigh, NC with his wife and three children.  

DESCRIPTION:

Skeletally immature athletes require specialized surgical and rehabilitation strategies due to open growth plates and ongoing musculoskeletal development. This session explores anatomical and physiological differences in adolescents, their impact on injury patterns, surgical choices, and rehab planning. We will review modern surgical techniques, including modified graft placement, lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET), alternative grafts, and Bridge-Enhanced ACL Repair (BEAR), discussing benefits and risks. Key rehabilitation topics include joint loading, neuromuscular training, and age-specific psychosocial factors affecting recovery. Return-to-sport decision-making will focus on evidence-based criteria, re-injury risk, and long-term knee health. This session equips clinicians with essential tools to optimize outcomes and minimize complications in young athletes.

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to describe key anatomical and developmental differences in skeletally immature athletes that impact surgical and rehabilitative decision-making.

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to compare surgical approaches for ACL and lower extremity injuries in young athletes, including considerations for altered graft placement, lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET), alternative graft choices, and the Bridge-Enhanced ACL Repair (BEAR) technique.

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to develop evidence-based rehabilitation progressions that address skeletal immaturity, growth plate integrity, and sport-specific demands.

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to implement return-to-sport protocols that integrate physiological readiness with long-term joint health considerations for skeletally immature athletes.

REFERENCES:

1.        Dadoo S, Herman ZJ, Nazzal EM, et al. Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Quadriceps Tendon in Adolescent Athletes at Mean Follow-up of 4 Years. Orthop J Sports Med. Jul 2024;12(7):23259671241254795. doi:10.1177/23259671241254795

2.        Matsuzaki Y, Chipman DE, Hidalgo Perea S, Green DW. Unique Considerations for the Pediatric Athlete During Rehabilitation and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. Jan 2022;4(1):e221-e230. doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2021.09.037

3.        Politzer CS, Bomar JD, Pehlivan HC, Gurusamy P, Edmonds EW, Pennock AT. Creation and Validation of a Shorthand Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bone Age Assessment Tool of the Knee as an Alternative Skeletal Maturity Assessment. Am J Sports Med. Sep 2021;49(11):2955-2959. doi:10.1177/03635465211032986

4.        Trofa DP, Saltzman BM, Corpus KT, Connor PM, Fleischli JE, Piasecki DP. A Hybrid Transtibial Technique Combines the Advantages of Anteromedial Portal and Transtibial Approaches: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. Nov 2020;48(13):3200-3207. doi:10.1177/0363546520956645

5.        Johnston TR, Hu J, Gregory B, Liles J, Riboh J. Transphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hybrid Transtibial Femoral Drilling and a Quadriceps Tendon Autograft. Arthrosc Tech. Aug 2020;9(8):e1121-e1131. doi:10.1016/j.eats.2020.04.012

6.        Jennings JK, Leas DP, Fleischli JE, D'Alessandro DF, Peindl RD, Piasecki DP. Transtibial Versus Anteromedial Portal ACL Reconstruction: Is a Hybrid Approach the Best? Orthop J Sports Med. Aug 2017;5(8):2325967117719857. doi:10.1177/2325967117719857

7.        Vavken P, Murray MM. Treating anterior cruciate ligament tears in skeletally immature patients. Arthroscopy. May 2011;27(5):704-16. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2010.11.062

8.        Koman JD, Sanders JO. Valgus deformity after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in a skeletally immature patient. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. May 1999;81(5):711-5. doi:10.2106/00004623-199905000-00014

Dr. Cory Alcon is Assistant Professor and Director of Assessment and Outcomes in the Department of Physical Therapy at HPU. He is a Board Certified Orthopedic Clinical Specialist with specific expertise in managing chronic neuromusculoskeletal pain conditions. Dr. Alcon holds a bachelor’s degree in Kinesiology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, received his Doctorate in Physical Therapy from Winston-Salem State University, and PhD from Texas Woman’s University in Dallas, TX with a concentration in pain neuromodulation. His research agenda focuses on harnessing the power of neuroplasticity to better manage the cognitive and affective dimensions of the pain experience. This includes the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to prime specific brain regions prior to participation in cognitive behavioral therapy. At High Point he serves as course director for the Musculoskeletal Practice and Pain Science course series. His passion for teaching is founded on the desire to assist students in becoming complete clinicians that are psychologically informed, movement focused, and manually skilled.

DESCRIPTION:

Postoperative pain influences a large number of patients undergoing surgery and has the potential to become chronic. Once chronic, the rates of disability and opioid misuse climb while patient satisfaction falls. Improving perioperative screening allows providers to determine risks of chronic postoperative pain, including specific pain phenotypes, and promote improved, individualized management strategies. This educational session will provide practical tools to address chronic postoperative pain through improved pre- and postoperative assessment methods, specific patient education, and precise management of pain throughout postoperative phases. 

OBJECTIVES:

1. Upon completion of this educational session participants will be able to describe the prevalence and influences of chronic post-surgical pain

2. Upon completion of this educational session participants will be able to implement peri-operative screening techniques.

3. Upon completion of this educational session participants will be improve risk assessment and management of chronic postsurgical pain

REFERENCES:

1. Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Forget P. ICD-11: a major step forward towards the prediction and prevention of chronic postsurgical pain. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2024;41(6):399-401. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000001996

2.        Ramo S, Frangakis S, Waljee JF, Bicket MC. Risk factors for persistent postoperative opioid use: an entity distinct from chronic postsurgical pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2025;50(2):121-128. doi:10.1136/rapm-2024-105599

3.        Sydora B, Whelan L, Abelseth B, et al. Identification of Presurgical Risk Factors for the Development of Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Adults: A Comprehensive Umbrella Review. J Pain Res. 2024;Volume 17:2511-2530. doi:10.2147/JPR.S466731

4.        Rosenberger DC, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Chronic post-surgical pain – update on incidence, risk factors and preventive treatment options. BJA Educ. 2022;22(5):190-196. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2021.11.008

5.        Schug SA, Bruce J. Risk stratification for the development of chronic postsurgical pain. Pain Rep. 2017;2(6):e627. doi:10.1097/PR9.0000000000000627

Deidra D. Charity, PT, DPT is an Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where she is engaged in clinical practice and academic instruction for UNC’s Division of Physical Therapy. She is a residency trained Board-Certified Clinical Specialist in Sports Physical Therapy and a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist. She has a passion for sports rehabilitation, injury prevention, professional development, and improving diversity within the profession. She is a member of the American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy and the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy. She graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Exercise and Sport Science and returned to UNC and earned her Doctor of Physical Therapy degree. She is actively involved with APTA North Carolina where she serves as Chair of the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion committee and is a delegate to the APTA House of Delegates. In 2020, she was recognized by the APTA with the Emerging Leader Award.

DESCRIPTION:

This session will explore the impact of implicit bias on career opportunities, professional development, personal and professional experiences, and employee satisfaction through an interactive panel discussion.  Panelists will share their experiences navigating challenges and overcoming barriers in the course of their career.  Participants in this session will have the opportunity to ask questions and engage in the conversation in a safe space, facilitating an environment where everyone belongs and creating a launching point for future conversations to be explored after the session end. 

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to: 

1.        Define implicit bias and its impact on professional experiences.  

2.        Identify strategies to reduce implicit bias.

3.        Develop a general construct to start a courageous conversation in the workplace. 

REFERENCES:

1.        Marcelin JR, Siraj DS, Victor R, Kotadia S, Maldonado YA.  The Impact of Unconscious Bias in Healthcare: How to Recognize and Mitigate It. J Infect Diseases 2019: 220 Suppl 2, S62-S73. 

2.         Consul N, Strax R, DeBenedectis CM, Kagetsu NJ.  Mitigating Unconscious Bias in Recruitment and Hiring.  J AM Coll Radiology 2021, 18(6): 769-773. 

3.        Mezu-Ndubuisi OJ.  Unmasking Systemic Racism and Unconscious Bias in Medical Workplaces: A Call to Servant Leadership.  J Am Heart Assoc 2021, 10(7): e018845. 

4.        Persaud S.  Addressing Unconscious Bias: A Nurse Leader's Role.  Nurse Admin Q 2019, 43(2): 130-137. 

5.        Sumra H, Riner AN, Arjani S, Tasnim S, Zope M, Reyna C, Anand T.  Minimizing Implicit Bias in Search Committees.  Am Journal of Surgery 2022, 224(4): 1179-1181. 

6.        Gonzalez CM, Lypson ML, Sukhera J.  Twelve Tips for Teaching Implicit Bias Recognition and Management.  Medical Teacher 2021, 43(12): 1368-1373. 

Erin Weeks received her MPT from the University of North Carolina atC hapel Hill and her DPT from the University of Montana.  She has been a Certified Wound Specialist through the American Board of Wound Management since 2013.  As the wound care clinical specialist at Carolinas Rehabilitation, her work has focused on patient and staff education and implementing evidence-based practices for patients with integumentary conditions.  She has over 15 years' experience treating patients with complex neurological injuries and is a clinical and didactic faculty member of the Atrium Health Neurologic Physical Therapy Residency.  She is the principal investigator of Carolinas Rehabilitation current physical therapy wound care research study and a guest instructor for UNC-CH's DPT program integumentary content. 

Amanda Hyslop graduated in 2010 with her Doctor of Physical Therapy from Duke University. In 2015, Amanda developed and patented a Modular Mirror Box Therapy System for the Lower Extremity (Patent No. US 9,320,939 B1) and has presented on the topic of mirror therapy at the local and state level. She is an APTA Certified Clinical Instructor and member of the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy. Amanda earned her board certification in neurologic physical therapy in 2018 after completing Atrium Health’s neurologic physical therapy residency. Amanda served as the Coordinator for the Atrium Health Neurologic Physical Therapy Residency from 2020-2023 and served in the role of Amputee Clinical Specialist from 2021-2025 for the Atrium Health system where she was actively involved in program improvement projects and system-wide educational initiatives. She is currently conducting an outcomes measure research study with the amputation population. Amanda also serves as adjunct faculty with South University and Tufts University Doctor of Physical Therapy programs.  

Carla Hill graduated with her MPT from Emory University and her DPT from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is a board certified Orthopedic Clinical Specialist and certified Exercise Expert for Aging Adults by APTA Geriatrics. Carla has provided care in outpatient physical therapy for more than 20 years and has served as a clinical instructor to DPT students and Orthopedic PT Residents. In addition to clinic practice, Carla serves as the Associate Director of the UNC Sports Medicine Institute where she co-leads programs that work to integrate clinical research into orthopedic and physical therapy practices. For the past 13 years, she has collaborated on funded and unfunded research projects through her work at UNC Health and the School of Medicine. Research projects have focused on randomized control trials related to exercise interventions for patients with knee osteoarthritis. 

DESCRIPTION:

As a profession, APTA’s strategic plan promotes research in physical therapy to enable physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs) to be evidence-based providers. Utilizing research-informed practices is taught in our PT and PTA school, but conducting research has historically been left to those with terminal academic degrees (ie- PhD, EdD, DSc, etc). This session aims to educate and empower clinical PTs and PTAs with the knowledge needed to participate in conducting research and collaborating with others involved in research. We will share our lessons learned as clinicians who have engaged in research to mentor others with similar professional interests. Time will be saved for a Q&A session with the panelists for clinicians interested in pursuing research participation. 

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session participants will be able to: 

1. Discuss common challenges clinicians face when considering research participation, such as lack of time, resources, and research experience. 

2. Describe various entry points into research for clinicians, including collaborating with research teams, engaging in clinical trials, and participating in research networks. 

3. Identify strategies for clinicians to gradually build research skills, such as enrolling in research courses, attending workshops, or partnering with research mentors. 

4. Identify resources or networks that facilitate collaboration between clinicians and academic researchers. 

5. Explain how clinician involvement in research enhances the ability to integrate evidence-based practice into patient care. 

REFERENCES:

Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley, Gregory E Hicks, Kory Zimney, Emily J Slaven, Tara Jo Manal, Lynn M Jeffries, Research Agenda for Physical Therapy From the American Physical Therapy Association, Physical Therapy, Volume 103, Issue 10, October 2023, pzad126, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzad126 

CAPTE 2024 PT Standards and Required Elements. Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. Standards and Required Elements for Accreditation of Physical Therapist Education Programs. Adopted 10/31/2023. Updated 3/14/2025. (c) American Physical Therapy Association. 

CAPTE 2024 PTA Standards and Required Elements. Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. Standards and Required Elements for Accreditation of Physical Therapist Education Programs. Adopted 10/31/2023. Updated 8/2024. (c) American Physical Therapy Association. 

APTA Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 4.0. American Physical Therapy Association. Published 2023. Accessed [4/1/2025]. https://guide.apta.org 

Stacey C Dusing, Igniting the Fire of Discovery: Creating Partnerships Between Research, Education, and Practice, Physical Therapy, Volume 104, Issue 6, June 2024, pzae044, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzae044 

T.R. Goins, PT, PhD

Dr. T.R. Goins is an Assistant Professor of Health Sciences in the Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at Campbell University in Lillington, NC. Dr. Goins has been a practicing pediatric physical therapist for over 20 years with an emphasis on improving outcomes for individuals with developmental disabilities, across the lifespan. Her areas of research interest include birth brachial plexus injuries and improving functional reaching, assessing balance and postural control in the pediatric neurological population, and improving fitness and wellness in adults with developmental disabilities. 

Tara Caberwal, PT, DPT, DSc, FAAOMPT, OCS, COMT

Dr. Tara Caberwal is an Assistant Professor at Campbell University’s Doctor of Physical Therapy program in Buies Creek, NC. She has over 15 years of clinical practice in military healthcare on Fort Bragg, NC serving as a contract physical therapist for the THOR3 Human Performance program within Special Operations.  Dr. Caberwal has completed her Doctorate of Science in Physical Therapy (DScPT), is an APTA Board-Certified Orthopaedic Clinical Specialist (OCS), and Fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy (FAAOMPT). She currently serves as the chair for the American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy (AASPT) Tactical Special Interest Group (SIG). Her research interests include chronic MSK pain, TBI, and improving resiliency of the active-duty soldier.

DESCRIPTION:

This course is designed to disseminate the literature and apply it to improving muscle performance in the pediatric population. This session will discuss muscle performance improvement in the typically developing population as well as the pediatric neuromuscular and genetic population. Have you asked yourself as a clinician, am I supposed to be using weights with this patient? When can I start using weights? What is the expected outcome with using weights? The intended objective for this session is to provide guidance and insight into those questions for the clinician treating the specialized pediatric population to the clinician treating the occasional pediatric patient.

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session participants will be able to:

Design and execute an intervention to address muscle performance to improve functional outcomes in the pediatric population.

Identify evidence-based parameters for applying and improving muscle performance in the pediatric population, based on age and medical diagnosis.

Discuss the barriers and constraints to improving muscle performance in the pediatric population.

Summarize the pathophysiology and physiology attributable to functional outcomes impacted by lack of and the need for pediatric muscle performance intervention across various populations. 

REFERENCES:

Pierce KC, Hornsby WG, Stone MH. Weightlifting for Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review. Sports Health. 2022;14(1):45-56. doi:10.1177/19417381211056094 

García-Hermoso A, López-Gil JF, Izquierdo M, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ezzatvar Y. Exercise and Insulin Resistance Markers in Children and Adolescents With Excess Weight: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis [published correction appears in JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Dec 1;177(12):1362. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5135.]. JAMA Pediatr. 2023;177(12):1276-1284. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4038 

Kazeminasab F, Sharafifard F, Miraghajani M, Behzadnejad N, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of exercise training on insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1178376. Published 2023 Aug 10. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1178376 

Kosak LA, Harandian K, Harbec MJ, Pagani LS. Associations Between Kindergarten Participation in Organized Physical Activity and Subsequent Healthy Body Weight and Leg Strength by the End of Second Grade. J Phys Act Health. 2022;19(7):474-480. Published 2022 Jun 29. doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0031

Kaya Kara, O., Livanelioglu, A., Yardımcı, B. N., & Soylu, A. R. (2019). The effects of functional progressive strength and power training in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy: The Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association, 31(3), 286–295. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0000000000000628

Courtney Lowman is currently a 3rd year doctoral student of the physical therapy program at UNC Chapel Hill. She has clinical experiences in Outpatient Orthopedics, Acute Trauma and Surgical Orthopedics, and residential care of patients with IDD. She has a passion for working with Orthopedic, Veteran, and the disabled patient populations. She has research experience in ACLR, which she completed during her undergraduate studies.

Laurie Ray, PT, PhD has 25 years of experience in school-based physical therapy practice in North Carolina. Dr. Ray has served North Carolina as the Physical Therapy Consultant for NC Department of Public Instruction (NC DPI) since 2005, Medicaid Consultant since 2006 and serves as Adapted Physical Education Liaison.

She received her MPT and PhD from UNC Chapel Hill. She is an Associate Professor in the Division of Physical Therapy at UNC-Chapel Hill. Laurie was a founding officer of the APTA NC Pediatric SIG and served as Communication Chair. Dr. Ray has held several leadership roles for the APTA Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy, Special Interest Groups (SIGs) Leadership Coordinator, Coordinator of the Innovations in School-based PT Annual Conference, Region V Representative, Chair of the School SIG and on the Policy, Payment and Advocacy Committee.

Dr. Ray previously served on the Boards of the National Alliance of Medicaid in Education and the NC Vocational Rehabilitation Council. She is a reviewer for Pediatric Physical Therapy and on the editorial board for Pediatric Occupational and Physical Therapy.   

DESCRIPTION:

The concept and framework surrounding participation among individuals with disabilities is one that is not fully understood in literature. The framework of the ICF model provides a foundation for participation but is too narrow to encompass the multidimensional aspects of participation in children with disabilities.There is little information on what constitutes participation and how physical therapists can further community participation in the pediatric population. Though articles have been published on factors influencing participation and their effects, few studies have investigated how to enhance and track community participation in pediatric populations. Physical therapists working alongside families and youth with disabilities will be able to provide assistance that promotes learning, community participation, and independence. This presentation will provide an evidence-based approach to assessing and tracking community participation as it relates to youth with disabilities. We will discuss how literature defines participation and how community participation can benefit children with disabilities. 

The concept and framework surrounding participation among individuals with disabilities is one that is not fully understood in literature. The framework of the ICF model provides a foundation for participation but is too narrow to encompass the multidimensional aspects of participation in children with disabilities.There is little information on what constitutes participation and how physical therapists can further community participation in the pediatric population. Though articles have been published on factors influencing participation and their effects, few studies have investigated how to enhance and track community participation in pediatric populations. Physical therapists working alongside families and youth with disabilities will be able to provide assistance that promotes learning, community participation, and independence. This presentation will provide an evidence-based approach to assessing and tracking community participation as it relates to youth with disabilities. We will discuss how literature defines participation and how community participation can benefit children with disabilities. 

OBJECTIVES:

Define the term participation in literature and how it relates to children with disabilities.

Identify factors influencing community participation.

Explain the information needed for enhancing community participation in children with disabilities.

Compile a list of tools and outcome measures for tracking and evaluating participation.

Formulate strategies for improving community participation in children with disabilities.

REFERENCES:

Adolfsson M, Sjöman M, Björck-Åkesson E. ICF-CY as a Framework for Understanding Child Engagement in Preschool. Frontiers in Education. 2018;3. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00036

Imms C, Granlund M, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B, Rosenbaum PL, Gordon AM. Participation, both a means and an end: a conceptual analysis of processes and outcomes in childhood disability. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2016;59(1):16-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13237

Palisano RJ, Chiarello LA, King GA, Novak I, Stoner T, Fiss A. Participation-based therapy for children with physical disabilities. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(12):1041-1052. doi:10.3109/09638288.2011.628740

Carey H, Long T. The pediatric physical therapist's role in promoting and measuring participation in children with disabilities. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2012;24(2):163-170. doi:10.1097/PEP.0b013e31824c8ea2

Stroobach A, Wilson AC, Lam J, Hall GL, Withers A, Downs J. Factors influencing participation in home, school, and community settings by children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders: A qualitative descriptive study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2023;65(5):664-673. doi:10.1111/dmcn.15437

Doty A, Ray L, Clark K, Bethune L, Test D. Evidence-Based Secondary Transition Predictors for Physical Therapists Working With High School Students. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2020;32(3):258-265. doi:10.1097/PEP.0000000000000706

APTA. Physical Therapy for Educational Benefit. https://pediatricapta.org/includes/fact-sheets/pdfs/15%20PT%20for%20Educational%20Benefit.pdf?v=1

Kascak K, Keller E, Dodds C. Use of Goal Attainment Scaling to Measure Educational and Rehabilitation Improvements in Children with Multiple Disabilities. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023;13(8):625. Published 2023 Jul 27. doi:10.3390/bs13080625

Andrews J, Falkmer M, Girdler S. Community participation interventions for children and adolescents with a neurodevelopmental intellectual disability: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(10):825-833. doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.944625

APTA . FACT SHEET Test and Batteries by ICF. https://pediatricapta.org/sl_files/24798449-A998-0D1C-C15205D711283B3A.pdf

Stroobach A, Wilson AC, Lam J, Hall GL, Withers A, Downs J. Factors influencing participation in home, school, and community settings by children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders: A qualitative descriptive study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2023;65(5):664-673. doi:10.1111/dmcn.15437

Brittany Jones PT, DPT, GCS graduated from The Sage Colleges in Troy, NY, with her doctorate in physical therapy in May 2010. She has spent the entirety of her career working with older adults in the acute care, outpatient, or skilled nursing setting. She has been board-certified in Geriatric Physical Therapy through the APTA since 2017. Dr. Jones has been a teaching assistant for Duke’s DPT program, assisting with Older Adult, Cardiopulmonary, and Medically Complex Patient Care courses. She is also a certified Matter of Balance Coach through the Durham Health Department and enjoys sharing her expertise with older adults in the community.

Dr. Lauren McClellan, PT, DP T is a licensed Physical Therapist, Assistant Director of Clinical Education and Assistant Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at High Point University in High Point, NC. She serves as the course director for local clinical experiences 7050 and 7550 as well as assists the DCE in all terminal clinical needs. She Directs the courses Medically Complex Patients and Cardiovascular and Pulmonary I & II. Dr. McClellan earned a B.S. from Guilford College in Sports Medicine and a DPT from Campbell University. Dr. McClellan started her career in the acute setting as well as ICU for 3 years. She continues to work closely with her patients in the acute setting PRN and draws from this experience to promote clinical practice in the classroom and well as promotes regular cardiopulmonary health checks for all patient encounters. Dr. McClellan’s passion for teaching is rooted in the ability to motivate and encourage students to bridge didactic learning to clinical practice and hopes to continue this in her role with clinical education.

DESCRIPTION: 

The normal aging process results in changes to various body systems. The cardiovascular and pulmonary systems experience the most significant changes, which can lead to multiple adverse health consequences, even in healthy individuals. As the older adult population grows in the US, Physical Therapists will be treating aging adults with acute or chronic cardiopulmonary conditions. PTs should be knowledgeable about the impact of various cardiopulmonary conditions on physical function and be able to adjust treatments accordingly. This presentation aims to describe the most common cardiac and pulmonary conditions found in the older adult population, review the clinical practice guidelines (if applicable) with each diagnosis, review exercise prescription, and discuss the Physical Therapist’s role in treating this population across various health care settings. 

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational section, participants will be able to:

1.        Review cardiovascular and pulmonary changes that occur with normal aging and their impact on overall function.

2.        Differentiate between normal and pathological changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.

3.        Describe how to properly take and interpret vital signs for older adults with cardiac and/or pulmonary conditions.

4.        Discuss medication management of CVP conditions, polypharmacy, and potentially inappropriate medications

5.        Discuss Physical Therapy considerations and exercise prescription for treating older adults with cardiovascular conditions across various health care settings.

6.        Discuss Physical Therapy considerations and exercise prescription for treating older adults with pulmonary conditions across various health care settings

REFERENCES: 

Heron M. Deaths: Leading Causes for 2019. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2021;70(9):1-114.

Mosher CL, Osazuwa-Peters OL, Nanna MG, et al. Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalizations after Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalization among Older Adults. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2024;21(11):1516-1523. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202401-017OC

Katsura M, Kuriyama A, Takeshima T, Fukuhara S, Furukawa TA. Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(10):CD010356. Published 2015 Oct 5. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010356.pub2

Abraham LN, Sibilitz KL, Berg SK, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;5(5):CD010876. Published 2021 May 7. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010876.pub3

Marques-Sule E, Sempere-Rubio N, Esparcia-Sánchez S, et al. Physical Therapy Programs in Older Adults with Coronary Artery Disease: Preferences to Technology-Based Cardiac Physical Therapy Programs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(20):13130. Published 2022 Oct 12. doi:10.3390/ijerph192013130

Kitzman DW, Whellan DJ, Duncan P, et al. Physical Rehabilitation for Older Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(3):203-216. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2026141

Deka P, Pathak D, Klompstra L, Sempere-Rubio N, Querol-Giner F, Marques-Sule E. High-Intensity Interval and Resistance Training Improve Health Outcomes in Older Adults With Coronary Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022;23(1):60-65. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.034

Villavaso CD, Williams S, Parker TM. Polypharmacy in the Cardiovascular Geriatric Critical Care Population: Improving Outcomes. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2023;35(4):505-512. doi:10.1016/j.cnc.2023.05.012

Emmons-Bell S, Johnson C, Roth G. Prevalence, incidence and survival of heart failure: a systematic review. Heart. 2022;108(17):1351-1360. Published 2022 Aug 11. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320131

Cho SJ, Stout-Delgado HW. Aging and Lung Disease. Annu Rev Physiol. 2020;82:433-459. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034610

C. Vicki Gold, PT, MA, was a New York University graduate (1967!), and is retired after more than 50 years as a practicing physical therapist, educator, and presenter.  She served on several physical therapy faculties and is a former Director of the Physical Therapist Assistant Program at LaGuardia Community College in NYC.  Her physical therapy specialties included PNF (trained with Ms. Margaret Knott), NDT (trained with Mrs. Berta Bobath), Osteoporosis (trained with Ms. Sara Meeks), and geriatric rehabilitation.

Ms. Gold’s background is rich in the area of mind-body well-being, and holistic health.  She is the creator of The ABC Mind-Body System: Alignment, Breathing, and Centering, which integrates knowledge and skills from her practices of yoga, Tai Chi, Pilates, Alexander and Feldenkrais techniques.  Tips, tricks and strategies for improved mental and physical well-being also come from her years of participation with Landmark Worldwide, and other programs for personal growth and development. 

Ms Gold is the author of recently published “Aging Safely, Wisely, and Well – A Movement and Mindset Guide for Older Adults”  (https://thera-fitness.com/the-book/).

Alexander Japit, PT, DPT, has a bachelor’s degree in Exercise Science from Queens’ University in Charlotte, NC. He recently completed his Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree from Elon University, and currently works with Roper Physical  Therapy in Charlotte.

Mr. Japit is a long-time practitioner of traditional Chinese martial arts and Yoga.  He has trained as a myofascial therapist, has a strong interest in integrative healthcare, and is passionate about safe, non-pharmaceutical approaches to promoting health and wellness.  

Alex ongoingly participates in trainings that promote the integration of a bio-psycho-social approach to pain-management and whole-body movement, including psychologically informed physical therapy using Lifestyle Medicine’s approaches of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the PRISM (Pain Recovery and Integrative Systems Model) model, which he studied through the Integrative Pain Science Institute under the renown Joe Tatta, DPT.  

Also: Alex has participated in a clinical communication cohort program "Communic8" with Nick Hannah, "Reconciling Biomechanics with Pain Science" under Greg Lehman, and as a member of Cohort 7 of Aaron Kubal's "Pain and Rehab Mentorship Program"

DESCRIPTION: 

Research has shown that many physical therapists and physical therapist assistants experience degrees of pain, stress, and burnout.  Science also shows that pain and stress, in general, have negative effects on mental and physical function.  

This mini-workshop presents  a selection of mind-body and biopsychosocial approaches for assessing and managing these challenges, as they occur in therapists and patients alike.  Participants  will have the opportunity to observe and practice several strategies and techniques for managing their own pain, stress and well-being. 

The presenters believe that in order to provide optimum therapeutic services to their patients, therapists benefit from mastering pain and stress-management skills for themselves.  Therefore, interactive and experiential learning techniques are a major focus of this course.  We encourage attendees to join us in de-stressing, even as they learn!

OBJECTIVES:

1.        Participants will be able to identify at least three benefits of a mind-body approach to mental and physical well-being.

2.        Participants will be able to identify at least three mind-body approaches for managing their well-being.

3.        Participants will be able to identify the five components of The ABC Mind-Body System.

4.        Participants will be able to identify and demonstrate the use of imagery for improved physical function.

5.        Participants will be able to define the biopsychosocial approach to pain management.

REFERENCES: 

1. Tatta, J., Pignataro, R.M., Bezner, J.R., George, S.Z., Rothschild C.E. (2023). PRISM-Pain Recovery and Integrative Systems Model: A Process-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Approach for Physical Therapy. Phys Ther  2023 Oct 3;103(10):pzad077 

2. Tatta, J, Pignataro, R.M., Bezner, J.R., Rothschild, C.E. (2024). Journal of Physiotherapy in Mental Health (JPTMH), Volume 1 (Issue 1), PP: 55-79

3. Salsali, M., Sheikhhoseini, R., Sayyadi, P. et al.(2023). Association between physical activity and body posture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 23, 1670

4. Pieczynski, J., Cosio, D, Pierce, W., Serpa, J.G (2020). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, Volume 31( Issue 4), PP:563 - 575 

5. Gilliam, J.R., George, S.Z., Norman, K.S., Hendren, S., Sahu, P.K., Silfies, S.P. (2023). Mind-Body Exercise Performed by Physical Therapists for Reducing Pain and Disability in Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2023 May;104(5):776-789. 

6. Balban, Y.M., Neri, E., Kogon, M.M., Weed, L., Nouriani, B., Jo, B., Holl, G., Zeitzer, J.M., Spiegel, D., Huberman, A.D. (2023). Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal. Cell. Rep. Med. Jan 10;4(1):100895. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100895

7. Kim, J-H., Kim, A-R., Kim, M-G., Kim, C-H., Lee, K-H.,  Park, D.,  Hwang, J-M (2020). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020 Jul 11;17(14):5001. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145001. 

8. Pugliese, M., Brismée, J-M., Allen, B., Riley, S., Tammany, J., Mintken, P. (2023). Mentorship and self-efficacy are associated with lower burnout in physical therapists in the United States: a cross-sectional survey study. J Educ. Eval. Health Prof. (Volume 20; 2023)

9. Wojciechowski, M. (2022). Now More Than Ever, Self-Care Is Crucial. APTA Magazine (July 2022) (https://www.apta.org/apta-magazine/2022/07/01/self-care-is-crucial)

Joel Robert Thompson is a Physical Therapist specializing in inflammation and inflammatory arthritis who is currently a PhD student within UNC-CH's Human Movement Sciences Curriculum.  He works within UNC's Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation (RMR) Lab with a current focus in exploring how physical therapy may be utilized and included within routine rheumatological management to preserve function and valued activities throughout the lifespan and disease progression of patients with inflammatory arthritis.  He is also partly responsible for delivering the pharmacology and inflammatory arthritis content within UNC-CH's DPT program.  He has received the Rheumatology Research Foundation's Health Professional Online Education Grant for Advanced Rheumatology Coursework.  His research has been presented at the national conferences for the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the Spondylarthritis Research and Treatment Network (SPARTAN). He currently serves on the Association of Rheumatology Provider’s (ARP) E-Learning Committee.

Louise Thoma is an assistant professor in the Division of Physical Therapy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and leads the Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Lab. Dr. Thoma’s research focuses on optimizing rehabilitation to improve physical activity and physical function and prevent disability in people with arthritis and after joint injury. She is an active member of the American Physical Therapy Association, Association of Rheumatology Professionals, and Osteoarthritis Research Society International. She serves on the editorial board of Arthritis Care and Research, the Steering Committee of the Rehabilitation Discussion Group of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI), and the American College of Rheumatology Early Career Researchers subcommittee.

Katherine ("Katie") Zisk earned her Bachelor of Science in Education in Kinesiology - Sports Medicine from the University of Virginia. She then earned her Doctor of Physical Therapy degree at The George Washington University in Washington, DC. Katie is a Board Certified Orthopedic Clinical Specialist and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapists after completing the Northwestern University Fellowship in Advanced Orthopedic Physical Therapy Practice, Research and Education in 2020-2021. Sher is an assistant professor in the Division of Physical Therapy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a research physical therapist with the Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Lab, consulting about rehabilitation needs for adults with inflammatory arthritis.

DESCRIPTION:

Physical therapy was historically a common component of rheumatology care for inflammatory arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. However, medical management has vastly improved in the last 20 years, and the role of physical therapy may be overlooked. Adults with inflammatory arthritis continue to report limitations in mobility, function, and quality of life, even when disease is well-controlled. Physical therapists are experts in optimizing physical function and participation, however experience with rheumatic conditions is rare. This session aims to update physical therapists, physical therapy assistants, and students with the contemporary best practices for inflammatory arthritis, including evidence updates, historical perspectives, and case scenarios.  

OBJECTIVES:

1.        Identify key clinical features and differential diagnoses of inflammatory arthritis.

2.        Describe evidence-based physical therapy interventions used across disease stages in inflammatory arthritis.

3.        Develop clinical strategies for exercise and rehabilitation participation in individuals with inflammatory arthritis.

4.        Apply clinical reasoning to case studies representing typical inflammatory arthritis presentations in outpatient physical therapy.

REFERENCES:

1.        Peter WF, Swart NM, Meerhoff GA, Vliet Vlieland TPM. Clinical Practice Guideline for Physical Therapist Management of People With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Phys Ther. Aug 1 2021;101(8)doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab127 

2.        Teuwen MMH, van Weely SFE, Vliet Vlieland TPM, et al. Effectiveness of longstanding exercise therapy compared with usual care for people with rheumatoid arthritis and severe functional limitations: a randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. Mar 12 2024;83(4):437-445. doi:10.1136/ard-2023-224912 

3.        England BR, Smith BJ, Baker NA, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Exercise, Rehabilitation, Diet, and Additional Integrative Interventions for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). Aug 2023;75(8):1603-1615. doi:10.1002/acr.25117 

4.        Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. Jul 2021;73(7):1108-1123. doi:10.1002/art.41752 

5.        Ramiro S, Nikiphorou E, Sepriano A, et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. Jan 2023;82(1):19-34. doi:10.1136/ard-2022-223296 

6.        Gwinnutt JM, Wieczorek M, Balanescu A, et al. 2021 EULAR recommendations regarding lifestyle behaviours and work participation to prevent progression of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. Jan 2023;82(1):48-56. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-222020 

7.        Nordén KR, Semb AG, Dagfinrud H, et al. Effect of high-intensity interval training in physiotherapy primary care for patients with inflammatory arthritis: the ExeHeart randomised controlled trial. RMD Open. 2024;10(1)doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003440 

8.        Sekhon M, Godfrey E, Amirova A, et al. Acceptability of therapist training and delivery of a psychological informed gait rehabilitation intervention for people with early rheumatoid arthritis. Physiotherapy (United Kingdom). 2022;114((Sekhon M.; Godfrey E.; Amirova A.; Bearne L.) King's College London, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, London, United Kingdom(Hendry G.; Mason H.; McInnes I.; Patience A.; Steultjens M.; Woodburn J.) Glasgow Caledonian University, Gla):e120-e121. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.072 

9.        Lahiri M, Cheung PPM, Dhanasekaran P, et al. Evaluation of a multidisciplinary care model to improve quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Qual Life Res. 2022;31(6):1749-1759. doi:10.1007/s11136-021-03029-3 

10.        Carpenter L, Barnett R, Mahendran P, et al. Secular changes in functional disability, pain, fatigue and mental well-being in early rheumatoid arthritis. A longitudinal meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Apr 2020;50(2):209-219. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.08.006

Marissa Muccio graduated from Rutgers in 98' with a degree in Physical Therapy. She has worked a variety of pediatric settings including: NICU, neuromuscular, cranial facial , pediatric oncology, pediatric in-patient, out-patient, Aquatics, EIP , NDT certification in pediatrics, private practice owner since 2000. The practice continues to be a clinical education site for DPT student affiliations for Rutgers University.

     In 2009 she became one of the first PSSE/Schroth certified therapists in the US. She now co-owns one of the leading Scoliosis Centers in the US and is committed to expanding the research for scoliosis specific exercises. 

Memberships past and present include: APTA, APTANJ, APTASC, NDTA, SOSORT and SRS. 

Medical Advisor/expert for several non-profits focused on patients with scoliosis.

2016 Rutgers SHRP DPT Alumni of the Year

2018 James Tucker Excellence in Clinical Practice and Teaching Award

2019-2022 Patient Education Committee member of the Scoliosis Research Society

2022-2024 Professional Education Committee member of the Scoliosis Research Society

2024-current Comprehensive Care Committee member of the Scoliosis Research Society

2024-current NIH Grant Advisory Board for Scoliosis Specific Exercise Rehabilitation

DESCRIPTION:

Scoliosis is a complex spinal condition characterized by an atypical spine curvature. It impacts millions of people, crosses all ages, and will be encountered in all physical therapy practice settings. This section provides an overview of scoliosis, the different types, their prevalences, and the underlying etiologies.  We explore the risks associated with the progression of idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis and review comprehensive scoliosis screening procedures, including a practical lab opportunity for PTs and PTAs who are NOT PSSE/Schroth certified.

OBJECTIVES:

1.        Develop an understanding of the different types of scoliosis, their prevalences, and current theories of etiology, with emphasis on recognizing how these factors affect physical therapy interventions across various age groups and practice settings.

2.        Identify the key factors that contribute to the progression of scoliosis, including biomechanical, neurological, and environmental influences, and discuss how these factors can impact treatment planning for non-Schroth certified PTs/PTAs.

3.         Understand and describe evidence-based tests and measures for scoliosis screening, and how to apply these methods effectively in diverse physical therapy settings, from pediatrics to geriatrics.

4.        Apply scoliosis screening tests and measures in clinical practice, recognizing signs and symptoms of scoliosis in different age groups, and adjusting screening approaches based on setting.

5.        Evaluate the outcomes of scoliosis screenings and provide appropriate recommendations, including when to refer for further specialized care or initiate physical therapy interventions, considering the range of practice for non-Schroth certified PTs/PTAs.

REFERENCES:

1.        Negrini, S., Donzelli, S., Aulisa, A. G., Czaprowski, D., Schreiber, S., de Mauroy, J. C., ... & Zaina, F. (2018). 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis and spinal disorders, 13, 1-48.

2.        Seleviciene, V., Cesnaviciute, A., Strukcinskiene, B., Marcinowicz, L., Strazdiene, N., & Genowska, A. (2022). Physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise methodologies used for conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and their effectiveness: an extended literature review of current research and practice. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(15), 9240.

3.        Loughenbury, P. R., & Tsirikos, A. I. (2022). Current concepts in the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis: clinical assessment, treatment options, and surgical outcomes. Bone & joint open, 3(1), 85-92.

4.        Muccio, M., Atun-Einy, O., Kafri, M., & Kaplan, S. L. (2023). Bridging motor learning principles with physiotherapy specific scoliosis exercises: A perspective article. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, 43(6), 741-758.

5.        Schreiber, S., Whibley, D., & Somers, E. C. (2023). Schroth Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercise (PSSE) Trials—Systematic Review of Methods and Recommendations for Future Research. Children, 10(6), 954.

6.        Lombara A; Richman S; CINAHL Rehabilitation Guide, EBSCO Publishing, 2023 Aug 23 (Clinical Review - CEU), Database: Rehabilitation Reference Center

CE Module 

7.        Lam, G. C., Hill, D. L., Le, L. H., Raso, J. V., & Lou, E. H. (2008). Vertebral rotation measurement: a summary and comparison of common radiographic and CT methods. Scoliosis, 3, 1-10.

8.        Malek, S., Reinhold, E. J., & Pearce, G. S. (2021). The Beighton Score as a measure of generalised joint hypermobility. Rheumatology international, 41(10), 1707-1716.

9.        Lein, G. A. (2022). Screening for adolecent idiopathic scoliosis: A literature review. Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, 10(3), 309-320.

Matt Jeffs, DPT

Institution: TuMeke Ergonomics / abilityondemand.com

Asheville, North Carolina  

Speaking Experience: Matt Jeffs, DPT, is an internationally sought-after speaker, delivering lectures at global conferences, professional associations, and executive summits. He has served as a recurring guest lecturer at High Point University and Western Carolina University, addressing neuroscience, ergonomics, and workplace safety. Dr. Jeffs has presented for the European Commission and led workshops for North Carolina’s MAHEC and Summit Professional Education.

Short Bio: With over 30 years as an educator, ergonomist, and clinician, Dr. Matt Jeffs has rehabilitated over 25,000 individuals and consulted for industry giants like Georgia-Pacific and PepsiCo. As Education Director at TuMeke Ergonomics, he pioneers AI-enhanced ergonomic solutions. His extensive experience, backed by 12,000+ hours of onsite industrial work and publications like Mindful Ergonomics, positions him as a leading expert in DPT-led workplace injury prevention, addressing slips, trips, falls, cognitive distraction, and musculoskeletal health.

DESCRIPTION:

Workplace injuries, costing U.S. businesses $160 billion annually, demand innovative solutions. Slips, trips, and falls account for 25% of injuries, while musculoskeletal disorders and cognitive distractions challenge modern workplaces. This session explores the Doctor of Physical Therapy’s (DPT) pivotal role in addressing these issues through evidence-based strategies. Using U.S. Department of Labor BLS data, National Safety Council insights, and OSHA guidelines, attendees will learn how DPTs can implement targeted interventions—fall prevention programs, ergonomic assessments, cognitive training, and environmental acclimation protocols—to enhance worker safety and productivity. This interactive presentation will engage attendees with case studies and practical applications, empowering DPTs to lead workplace wellness initiatives in the 21st century. Join us to discover how DPTs can transform workplace safety and reduce injury risks.

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to:  

Identify key workplace injury trends using U.S. DOL BLS data and National Safety Council reports to prioritize DPT interventions.  

Design a fall prevention program incorporating OSHA guidelines to reduce slips, trips, and falls in diverse workplace settings.  

Apply ergonomic assessment techniques to address musculoskeletal disorders and enhance worker preparedness.  

Develop cognitive distraction training protocols to improve employee focus and safety in high-demand environments.  

Implement environmental acclimation strategies to mitigate workplace stressors and promote long-term employee well-being.

REFERENCES:

Below are the references for the Educational Session Proposal, tailored to support the presentation "COPE WITH WORK - The DPT’s Role in Managing Slips-Trips-and-Falls, Cognitive Distraction, Musculoskeletal Preparedness, and Environmental Acclimation in the 21st Century Workplace." 

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Nearly 50 years of occupational safety and health data. BLS Beyond the Numbers. 2020;9(10). 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-9/nearly-50-years-of-occupational-safety-and-health-data.htm. Accessed April 25, 2025.

This source provides comprehensive data on nonfatal and fatal workplace injuries, highlighting trends used to underscore the need for DPT interventions in workplace safety.

Tompa E, Kalcevich C, Foley M, et al. A systematic literature review of the effectiveness of occupational health and safety regulatory enforcement. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59(11):919-933. doi:10.1002/ajim.22605.

A peer-reviewed article evaluating the impact of OSHA regulatory enforcement, relevant to designing DPT-led compliance and prevention programs.

McQuiston TH, Becker P, Brown S, et al. Workplace safety and health improvements through a labor/management training and collaboration. J Occup Environ Med. 2019;61(12):e515-e520. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000001742.

A peer-reviewed study on OSHA training collaborations, supporting DPT-led educational initiatives for workplace safety, within the last 5 years.

National Safety Council. Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene. 6th ed. Itasca, IL: National Safety Council; 2018.

This authoritative text provides guidelines on workplace hazard prevention, including slips, trips, and falls, and environmental acclimation, relevant to DPT interventions.

Andersen LL, Vinstrup J, Sundstrup E, et al. Combined ergonomic and strength training reduces musculoskeletal pain and improves physical capacity in office workers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2021;47(4):279-287. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3945.

John Rintamaa is an innovative leader who has served in healthcare for 32 years as a leader in multiple healthcare organizations in the South and the Midwest United States. His accomplishments include teaching and mentoring aspiring leaders, improving healthcare efficiency and profitability, launching healthcare start-ups, and finding effective methods to support patients and frontline care providers. He has achieved multiple awards for leadership and innovation in healthcare.

In his most recent roles as AVP in an academic health system and President of a healthcare consulting company, he established multiple startup companies in the healthcare industry, developed and implemented new departments, and established process improvement programs that impacted net revenue and quality patient care. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Physical Therapy and a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from Cleveland State University.  He also holds a PhD degree from Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions.  When not working, he can be found writing, leading the local Boy Scout troop on a camping trip, or traveling with his wife and their two boys.

DESCRIPTION:

People spend a substantial portion of their time at work, and work can be a significant part of a person’s identity, offering insights into what is important to people. However, finding fulfillment or meaning in work can be elusive and is a complex and multidimensional construct. The meaning of work focuses on what an occupation can contribute to a person’s life as a whole. It is often based on a person’s values and, in an occupational sense, derived from the importance placed on participation in a particular occupation. Drawing on original research, we will examine how values, identity, and occupational engagement shape the perceived meaning of work and how these perceptions relate to the return on investment of a DPT degree. This session offers a timely and thought-provoking look at the heart of why we work—and what keeps us going.

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to:

Define the concept of "meaning of work" within the context of occupational identity and personal values.

Analyze the multidimensional factors that contribute to meaningful work for physical therapists.

Evaluate the relationship between perceived work meaning and the return on investment (ROI) of obtaining a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree.

Compare intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of meaningful work as reported by physical therapists in recent research.

Design strategies to enhance the experience of meaningful work in clinical and educational settings.

REFERENCES:

1.        Feeley D. The Triple Aim or the Quadruple Aim? Four Points to Help Set Your Strategy. IHI Improvment Blog blog. August 1, 2023, 2017. https://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/the-triple-aim-or-the-quadruple-aim-four-points-to-help-set-your-strategy

2.        Sikka R, Morath JM, Leape L. The quadruple aim: care, health, cost and meaning in work. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2015. p. 608-610.

3.        Briggs MS, Weber, Mark D., Olson-Kellogg, Becky J., DeWitt, John J., Hensley, Craig P., Harrington, Kendra L., Kidder, Melissa S., Farrell, Joseph P., Tichenor, Carol Jo. Factors Contributing to Physical Therapists’ Job and Career Satisfaction in the United States: Results From a National Survey. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2022;00(00):1-10. 

4.        Kota M, Kudo H, Okita K. Factors affecting physical therapists’ job satisfaction: questionnaire survey targeting first-year physical therapists. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2018;30(4):563-566. doi:10.1589/jpts.30.563

5.        Latzke M, Putz P, Kulnik ST, Schlegl C, Sorge M, Meriaux-Kratochvila S. Physiotherapists' job satisfaction according to employment situation: Findings from an online survey in Austria. Physiother Res Int. Jul 2021;26(3):e1907. doi:10.1002/pri.1907

6.        Randolph DS. Predicting the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction factors on recruitment and retention of rehabilitation professionals. J Healthc Manag. Jan-Feb 2005;50(1):49-60; discussion 60. 

7.        Speakman HG, Pleasant JM, Sutton GB. The job satisfaction of physical therapists. Physiother Res Int. 1996;1(4):247-54. doi:10.1002/pri.68

8.        Çınar O, Bektaş Ç, Aslan I. A motivation study on the effectiveness of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Economics & Management. 2011;16(5):690-695. 

9.        Maslow AH. A Dynamic Theory of Human Motivation. Understanding human motivation. Howard Allen Publishers; 1958:26-47.

10.        Herzberg F. The motivation to work. 2d ed. Wiley; 1959:157 p.

11.        Ryan RM, Deci EL. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 2000/01/01/ 2000;25(1):54-67. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020

Stacey Head PT, CLT, ATC has been a Board-Certified Women’s Health Specialist for over 20 years, working for Duke Health for the last 10 years. She works in their Apex and Cary, North Carolina locations. She has spoken at both the national and state levels on topics related to women’s health, pelvic health and the female athlete. She enjoys working with patients across the lifespan from young adult and on. She has done her own continuing education in the area of menopause and is working on a perimenopause/menopause health coaching certification to help her patients better.

Jocelyn Wittstein, MD is a board certified orthopaedic surgeon with a certificate of added qualification and fellowship training in sports medicine.  She is associate professor of orthopaedic surgery at Duke Universoty School of Medicine. She is part of the core leadership of the Duke Female Athlete Program and a collaborator with Duke Women’s Health on research related to the intersection of women's health and musculoskeletal health including ACL injury risk, adhesive capsulitis, menopause arthritis, and the musculoskeletal syndrome of menopause.  She is a co recipient of the Forum Women in Sports Medicine Grant and the Hammond Fund Grant from Duke Women’s Health to establish the Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Menopause Registry.  She is a co author of “The musculoskeletal syndrome of menopause” published in 2024.

DESCRIPTION:

Over 1 billion women will go through menopause this year which means as a physical therapist you will likely be treating this population regardless of your area of expertise. Recent research shows that these changes significantly impact the musculoskeletal system which is our area of expertise. This course will help you understand these changes better and then take those menopausal considerations into your PT practice to optimize care.

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session participants will be able to:

        Understand the hormonal changes that occur during perimenopause and menopause

        Understand how those changes impact the musculoskeletal system

        Apply implications to their case load for menopausal musculoskeletal changes

REFERENCES:

o        Wright, V. J., Schwartzman, J. D., Itinoche, R., & Wittstein, J. (2024). The musculoskeletal syndrome of menopause. Climacteric, 27(5), 466-472.

o        Espírito Santo, J., Moita, J., & Nunes, A. (2024, September). The Efficacy of Manual Therapy on Musculoskeletal Pain in Menopause: A Systematic Review. In Healthcare (Vol. 12, No. 18, p. 1838). MDPI.

o        Watt, F. E. (2018). Musculoskeletal pain and menopause. Post reproductive health, 24(1), 34-43.

o        Khadilkar, S. S. (2019). Musculoskeletal disorders and menopause. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 69, 99-103.

o        Filippi, L., Camedda, R., Frantellizzi, V., Urbano, N., De Vincentis, G., & Schillaci, O. (2024, March). Functional imaging in musculoskeletal disorders in menopause. In Seminars in Nuclear Medicine (Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 206-218). WB Saunders.

o        Lu, C. B., Liu, P. F., Zhou, Y. S., Meng, F. C., Qiao, T. Y., Yang, X. J., ... & Zhang, Y. (2020). Musculoskeletal pain during the menopausal transition: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Neural plasticity, 2020(1), 8842110.

Karen Woodrow, PT, DPT, EdD is currently an acute care physical therapist and the former DCE and current adjunct faculty member at Wingate University’s DPT program in Wingate, NC. She received her Doctor of Physical Therapy degree from Quinnipiac University and her Doctor of Education in Innovation and Leadership from St. Thomas University. Karen’s clinical interests primarily emphasize promoting early mobility in the intensive care unit as well as managing complex patients in the cardiothoracic surgical ICU. She serves as an adjunct faculty member for multiple DPT courses including acute care, geriatrics, clinical integration, and cardiopulmonary. Her research interests include process improvement in the acute care setting and physical therapy clinical education in the acute care setting from the student, academic, and facility perspectives. 

Jaclyn Polk, PT, DPT, DHSc, Board-Certified Clinical Specialist in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy, is an assistant professor in the Doctor of Physical Therapy program at Wingate University. Jaclyn received her Doctor of Physical Therapy degree from the University of Delaware and Doctor of Health Sciences degree in Education and Academia from Radford University. Jaclyn’s research interests are in the areas of clinical education, wellness, management of student stress, running gait, and pelvic floor rehabilitation. Jaclyn actively promotes the profession of Physical Therapy through involvement with APTA NC, volunteering at various community events, and offering pro bono clinical services in orthopedics and pelvic floor rehabilitation. Jaclyn has presented on various topics for APTA NC online webinars and at the Annual Conferences. 

Debbie Prouty, MPT, EdD,  Board-Certified Clinical Specialist in Geriatric Physical Therapy is an associate professor at Wingate University's DPT program in Wingate, NC. She teaches course content in physical therapy for older adults, clinical practice in the acute care setting, pharmacology, and interprofessional education.  Debbie's current physical therapy clinical practice in the acute and ICU settings provides real-world application in her courses to develop students' clinical skills. Research includes investigating the use of interprofessional education for preparing DPT students for clinical practice, especially in the acute care setting. She is also involved with geriatric physical therapy research that examines the link between changes in gait variability and predicting early dementia. 

Sarah Shaw, SPT is currently pursuing her Doctor of Physical Therapy degree at Wingate University, where she is a proud member of the Class of 2025. She holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Kinesiology from Campbell University, where she developed a strong foundation in rehabilitation sciences. Sarah is passionate about acute care physical therapy and is dedicated to serving underserved and rural communities. Her interest in acute care was solidified during a rewarding clinical rotation in an acute care setting, where she had the opportunity to work closely with patients during critical moments of their recovery. That experience deepened her commitment to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to those in need.

DESCRIPTION:

The preservation and ongoing development of critical care clinical rotations for DPT and PTA students is key to ensuring that these opportunities remain sustainable and available. Critical care settings can be utilized to promote the long term success of student physical therapists and physical therapist assistants by introducing key behaviors. The purpose of this educational session is to use academic acute care faculty, DCEs and clinical instructors, and a current 3rd year DPT student to discuss applicable strategies and teachings that can be utilized to bridge the gap between DPT/PTA program, facility, and student needs. Acute care faculty will learn how to use tools such as interprofessional education, integrated clinical experiences, and simulation to properly prepare students. In addition, clinical instructors and students will learn specific strategies that use this unique relationship to make the critical care setting less intimidating and instead one for successful learning. 

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session participants will be able to:

Describe the unique benefits of a critical care clinical rotation to the development of entry-level physical therapists and physical therapist assistants 

Explain the role of all major stakeholders involved in establishing and completing a DPT/PTA student critical care clinical rotation

Incorporate the beneficial elements of patient simulation, interprofessional education, and integrated clinical experiences into the academic preparation of DPT/PTA students with a critical care clinical rotation

Use at least three effective strategies for a feasible progression of DPT/PTA student skills to achieve appropriate goals and competencies in the critical care setting

Establish at least three successful clinical instructor and student behaviors that address potentially challenging areas in the critical care setting

Apply the role of the DCE in selecting and supporting DPT/PTA students through a critical care clinical rotation

REFERENCES:

Apke TL, Whalen M, Buford J. Effects of student physical therapists on clinical instructor productivity across settings in an academic medical center. Physical Therapy. 2020;100(2):209-216.

Curtis KA, Martin T. Perceptions of acute care physical therapy practice: Issues for physical therapist preparation. Physical Therapy. 1993;73(9):581-594.

Dunnivan-Mitchell S, Maring J, Curry-Greenwood K. Exploring the additional of simulation-based learning experiences to preparate student physical therapist assistants for inpatient clinical experience: A case report. Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy. 2024;15(1):17-26.

Fenn N, Reyes C, Mushkat Z, et al. Empathy, better patient care, and how interprofessional education can help. Journal of Interprofessional Care. 2022;36(5):660-669.

Greenwood KC, Nicoloro D, Iversen MD. Reliability and validity of the acute care confidence survey: An objective measure to assess student’ self-confidence and predict student performance for inpatient clinical experiences. Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy. 2014;5(1):1-10.

Haines J, Kirschling D, Demeuse S, Arnold M. From classroom to clinic: Doctor of physical therapy students’ experiences putting safe patient handling and mobility knowledge into practice. International Journal of Safe Patient Handling & Mobility. 2024;14(1):22-30.

Hayward LM, Greenwood KC, Nippins M, Canali A. Student perceptions and understanding of client-therapist interactions within the inpatient acute care environment: Qualitative study. Physical Therapy. 2015;9(2):235-248.

O’Malley N, O’Neill B. Minimum standards of clinical practice for physiotherapists working in critical care units in Ireland: A modified Delphi technique. Physiotherapy Practice and Research. 2022;43:135-148. 

Pabian PS, Dyson J, Levine C. Physical therapy productivity using a collaborative clinical education model within an acute care setting: A longitudinal study. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2017;31(2):11-17.

Ronnebaum J, Jie C, Salazar K. Comparison of 2 methods of debriefing for learning of interprofessional handoff skills. Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy. 2023;14(1):18-28.

Sabatke MJ, Young AM, Johnson AM, Darbee J, Mayer KP. Strengthening the acute care curriculum. Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy. 2022;13(1):16-23.

Thomas EM, Rybski MF, Apke TL, Kegelmeyer DA, Kloos AD. An acute interprofessional simulation experience for occupational and physical therapy students: Key findings from a survey study. Journal of Interprofessional Care. 2017;31(3):317-324. 

Barbara Ann Biglari

Barbara’s love of neuroscience began in 2017 when she took care of someone close to her who endured a brain injury. Throughout their recovery, she devoted her time to learning about memory, recovery, and various therapeutic interventions. After a year of caregiving, their paths diverged. Since then, she became a physical therapy technician at East Carolina University Health. It was there where her knowledge grew and a need to reach out to caregivers became evident. 

Barbara founded two caregiver support groups- one at East Carolina University Health and the other at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist – High Point Medical Center, authored a published research study, presented at national meetings and grand rounds on behalf of caregivers, and relaunched her education to pursue Neuroscience. Now she is part of a phenomenal research team in Gerontology as a Clinical Studies Coordinator II and continues to work as a physical therapy technician. Her journey has been far from easy, nevertheless, she looks forward to the path ahead and the difference she makes along the way.

Jerri Raquel-Morehead Shepard, PT, DPT, LMBT, MBA, MEd, CDP, Geriatric Clinical Specialist

Jerri serves as Acute Rehabilitation Services Manager at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist – High Point Medical Center. She has 20 years of experience, specializing in acute care. Passionate about teaching, Jerri also serves as adjunct professor at Winston-Salem State University and teaching assistant/instructor at High Point University for their DPT programs. 

Jerri holds a BA in Communication Studies and Therapeutic Recreation (UNC-Wilmington), certificate in Massage and Bodywork Therapy (Florida College of Natural Health), Masters degrees in PT (UNC-Chapel Hill), Adult Education (NC State University), and Business Administration - Healthcare Management Concentration (Fayetteville State University). She also earned her transitional DPT (Winston-Salem State University). Jerri has continued training/certifications in clinical instruction (Level II), geriatric physical therapy, dementia care, and diversity, equity and inclusion. 

A firm believer in patient and family-centered care, Jerri ensures that patient care also addresses the needs of family/caregivers.  She incorporates this belief throughout her delivery of care and teaching.  Additionally, she serves as High Point’s Stroke Support Group Coordinator and has been heavily involved with this group since its inception in 2007.

DESCRIPTION:

Patient care doesn’t stop with the patient; it starts with the patient!  Physical Therapy professionals and students understand the depths of caring for someone, however, their extension only goes so far.  Caregivers play a vital role in the outcomes of patients we see each day.  While burnout is prevalent among healthcare professionals and students, the prevalence of burnout among caregivers must also be recognized.  No one can pour from an empty cup.  In this interactive session, participants will discuss aspects of caregiving, caregiver burnout, why it matters, and how they can be part of the solution to an omnipresent epidemic.  From current literature reviews to the voice of the customer via authentic first-hand caregiver perspectives, participants will walk away feeling empowered with knowledge and being equipped to make a positive difference in caregiver burnout.  

OBJECTIVES:

1.        Define the role of the caregiver 

2.        Understand the diversity and varying complexities of caregiving

3.        Illustrate burnout as it relates to the caregiver

4.        Recognize the adversity and severity of side effects of caregiver burnout

5.        Learn from the voice of the customer (direct caregiver perspective)

6.        Identify how caregivers can manage the demands of caregiving

7.        Identify the role of physical therapy professionals and students in addressing caregiver burnout

8.        Locate available resources to support caregivers

REFERENCES:

Caregiver Burnout. Bridgewayohio.org. Published 2019. https://bridgewayohio.org/uncategorized/caregiver-burnout/

Caldera S, Ari, Choula R. Valuing the Invaluable 2023 Update: Strengthening Supports for Family Caregivers. AARP. Published March 8, 2023. https://www.aarp.org/pri/topics/ltss/family-caregiving/valuing-the-invaluable-2015-update/

Christian LM, Wilson SJ, Madison AA, et al. Understanding the Health Effects of Caregiving Stress: New Directions in Molecular Aging. Ageing Research Reviews. 2023;92:102096-102096. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2023.102096

Cleveland Clinic. Caregiver burnout. Cleveland Clinic. Published 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9225-caregiver-burnout

Gérain P, Zech E. Do informal caregivers experience more burnout? A meta-analytic study. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2020;26(2):1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1803372

Horovitz B. New AARP Report Finds Family Caregivers Provide $600 Billion in Unpaid Care across the U.S. AARP. Published March 8, 2023. https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/financial-legal/info-2023/unpaid-caregivers-provide-billions-in-care.html

Lynn Friss Feinberg, Skufca L. Managing a Paid Job and Family Caregiving Is a Growing Reality. Published online December 16, 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.26419/ppi.00103.024

Stephanou M. Caregiver burden: Support needed for those who support others and the National Health Service.  Patient Experience Journal.  2023; 10(2):23-33.  doi:https://doi.org/10.35680/2372-0247.1796

Wolff JL, Kasper JD. Caregivers of Frail Elders: Updating a National Profile. The Gerontologist. 2006;46(3):344-356. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/46.3.344

Working while caregiving: It’s complicated | S&P Global. S&P Global. Published 2024. https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/special-reports/working-while-caregiving

Yıldızhan E, Ören N, Erdoğan A, Bal F. The Burden of Care and Burnout in Individuals Caring for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Community Mental Health Journal. 2018;55(2):304-310. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-018-0276-2

Lori Leineke, PT, DPT, EdD, is an Associate Professor at Campbell University.  She is Board Certified in Orthopedic Physical Therapy and completed the APTA/Emory University Vestibular Certification Course in 2010.  She teaches entry-level DPT courses in clinical anatomy, interventions, musculoskeletal rehab, and vestibular and concussion.  She is a trainer for the Level 1 Clinical Instructor Credentialing Program and been in higher education for over a decade.

Rob Precht, PT, DPT is a senior staff physical therapist at Duke Raleigh Hospital. He is Board Certified in Geriatric Physical Therapy and completed the APTA/Emory University Vestibular Certification Course in 2024. He has assisted with teaching entry-level DPT courses in wound care, emergency department physical therapy, and vestibular rehabilitation. He has treated patients with vestibular impairments in the emergency room, home health, and currently in the acute care setting.

DESCRIPTION:

Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) is one of the most common causes of chronic dizziness, yet it remains underdiagnosed and often mismanaged in rehabilitation settings. Patients with PPPD experience persistent dizziness and unsteadiness that are exacerbated by motion, visual stimuli, and upright posture, significantly impacting their daily function and quality of life. This session will equip physical therapists with the knowledge and skills needed to recognize PPPD, differentiate it from other vestibular disorders, and implement evidence-based interventions. Through case-based discussions and interactive problem-solving, attendees will explore the complex interplay between vestibular, visual, and psychological factors contributing to PPPD. Participants will leave with practical strategies to enhance patient outcomes using vestibular rehabilitation, cognitive-behavioral approaches, and graded exposure techniques. Whether you are new to vestibular rehab or looking to refine your approach, this session will provide essential tools to improve the care of patients with chronic dizziness.

OBJECTIVES:

1.        Identify key clinical features of Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) and differentiate it from other vestibular and neurological conditions.

2.        Explain the underlying mechanisms contributing to PPPD, including the interaction of vestibular, visual, and psychological factors.

3.        Apply evidence-based assessment techniques to accurately diagnose and classify PPPD in clinical practice.

4.        Develop effective treatment strategies incorporating vestibular rehabilitation, cognitive-behavioral approaches, and graded exposure to improve patient outcomes.

REFERENCES:

Axer H, Finn S, Wassermann A, Guntinas‐Lichius O, Klingner CM, Witte OW. Multimodal treatment of persistent postural–perceptual dizziness. Brain Behav. 2020;10(12):e01864. doi:10.1002/brb3.1864

Candreia C, Rust HM, Honegger F, Allum JHJ. The effects of vibro-tactile biofeedback balance training on balance control and dizziness in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Brain Sci. 2023;13(5):782. doi:10.3390/brainsci13050782

Cao Z, Liu X, Ju Y, Zhao X. Neuroimaging studies in persistent postural–perceptual dizziness and related disease: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2022;269(3):1225-1235. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10558-x

Staab JP. Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. Neurol Clin. 2023;41(4):647-664. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2023.04.003

Staab JP, Eckhardt-Henn A, Horii A, et al. Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): Consensus document of the Committee for the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society. J Vestib Res. 2017;27(4):191-208. doi:10.3233/VES-170622

Trinidade A, Goebel JA. Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: A systematic review of the literature for the balance specialist. Otol Neurotol. 2018;39(10):1291-1303. doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002010

Webster KE, Harrington-Benton NA, Judd O, et al. Pharmacological interventions for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;2023(3):CD015188. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015188.pub2

Webster KE, Kamo T, Smith L, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;2023(3):CD015333. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015333.pub2

Dr. Jones, PT, DPT, OCS, ATC, CSCS is an Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy at Methodist University. He primarily teaches the musculoskeletal course work, clinical reasoning, and portions of the programs comprehensive examination course in the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program. Dr. Jones has worked as an Athletic Trainer since 2005 with multiple populations including outpatient orthopaedics, and with high school, college, and professional athletics. He has also worked as a licensed physical therapist in multiple settings since 2010 including outpatient physical therapy, aquatic therapy, home health care, and sports medicine. Dr. Jones is an American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) Board-Certified Specialist in Orthopaedics. Dr. Jones is originally from South Carolina and received his Bachelor of Science in Athletic Training, Bachelor of Science in Physical Education with a concentration in Exercise Science, and a Bachelor of Arts in Biology from the College of Charleston. He received his DPT degree from A.T. Still University’s Arizona School of Health Sciences.

DESCRIPTION:

Are you a PT student that wants to feel more confident about test taking and reduce the anxiety that often comes with it? Are you looking to improve your performance and boost your odds of success on exams? If so, this educational session is designed for you. Whether you're preparing for PT program exams or the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE), this session will provide practical, evidence-based strategies to help you succeed.  This course will cover essential test-taking techniques, including how to manage time effectively, reduce distractions, and approach questions strategically. You will learn methods for ruling out incorrect answers, understanding how exam questions are constructed, and improving your clinical reasoning skills under pressure. The session will also explore common test-taking mistakes, anxiety triggers, and how to overcome them. Through test-question breakdowns and guided practice, you will gain tools to approach exams with greater confidence and clarity.

OBJECTIVES:

1.        Comprehend how age, gender, neuromusculoskeletal development/maturation/degeneration, race, cultural background, and associated medical and psychosocial conditions may impact the examination and evaluation understanding for questions related to a physical therapy patient.

2.        Reflect on a clinical vignette from the patient interview, physical examination, and patient response to answer clinical judgment and reasoning questions based on the patient differentials, objective measures, and findings.

3.        Analize the examination findings, diagnosis, prognosis, plan of care, and re-examination appropriately for examination questions related to these processes.  

4.        Analize and answer examination questions related to physical therapy selection, and interpretation of skills associated with the examination and treatment techniques.

5.        Apply test-taking strategies to reduce anxiety and build confidence during exams.

6.        Utilize test-taking strategies to improve the ability to apply knowledge and effectively eliminate incorrect multiple-choice options. 

REFERENCES:

1.        Metz CJ, Metz MJ, Falcone JC. A toolbox of strategies to improve test-taking skills: a comparison of student perceptions. Adv Physiol Educ. 2024;48(4):824-832. doi:10.1152/advan.00067.2024

2.        Baldwin J, Schmidt C, Plummer L, Gochyyev P, Battista JE, Kaur S, Naidoo K. How Doctor of Physical Therapy Students Overcome Academic Challenges to Achieve First-Attempt Success on the National Physical Therapy Examination: A Mixed Methods Study. Education Sciences. 2023; 13(5):430. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050430

3.        Pepin ME, Pardo V, Maher S. Improving First Time Board Pass Rates: A Successful Model for Physical Therapy Programs. J Phys Ther Educ. Published online April 3, 2025. doi:10.1097/JTE.0000000000000410

4.        Scales MH, Vallabhajosula S. Learning and Study Strategies of Students in the First Year of an Entry-Level Physical Therapist Program. J Phys Ther Educ. 2023;37(2):132-137. doi:10.1097/JTE.0000000000000275

5.        Little JL, Bjork EL. Optimizing multiple-choice tests as tools for learning. Mem Cognit. 2015;43(1):14-26. doi:10.3758/s13421-014-0452-8

Jessica Juan, PT, DPT is originally from San Francisco, California. She completed her undergraduate degree in Human Biology at the University of Southern California and her Doctor of Physical Therapy at the University of Colorado Anschutz medical campus. Afterwards, she went through her orthopedic residency at Stanford Healthcare. Currently, she is a part of the Manual Therapy Fellowship out of the Duke University Health System. Throughout her career, she has given both poster and platform presentations at the states and national level. Her passions lie in orthopedic care and diversity equity and inclusion and is a member of the APTA Orthopedic’s inaugural DEI committee. She looks forward to a career within research and education, whilst exploring her love of travel and the outdoors. 

Shane Mathew, PT, DPT is a Senior Orthopaedic Physical Therapist a Duke University Health. He attended the University of Florida for his undergraduate and DPT education, then completed the Duke Health Orthopaedic Residency in 2024. He is now a Fellow-in-Training in the Duke Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Fellowship. Shane is a process-oriented learner and leader and is passionate about enhancing clinical reasoning to drive patient outcomes using an evidence-based and culturally informed approach. He has experience with public speaking on the local and national level and has presented at the 2023 and 2024 APTA NC Annual Conferences. He is a 2023 APTA Leadership Scholar and currently holds appointments on the APTA Orthopaedic Finance Committee, APTA NC OSIG, and he serves as the Chair of the Duke Health Rehabilitation Services DEI Committee. In addition to these initiatives, Shane serves as a Teaching Assistant in several Duke DPT courses and is passionate about mentoring students in and out of the classroom. In his spare time, Shane enjoys hiking, cooking, weightlifting, and exploring all that NC has to offer.

Yiliu Cao is the 2025–2026 Orthopaedic Resident Physical Therapist at Duke University Health System. Yiliu received her bachelor’s degree in Movement Science from the University of Michigan in 2021 and her Doctor of Physical Therapy and Master of Public Health dual degree from Northwestern University in 2025. With her professional interest in integrating public health principles into clinical practice, Yiliu is passionate about providing holistic care and reducing health disparities by addressing the multiple layers of influence on an individual’s health behavior. She is also interested in sports injury prevention and rehabilitation among endurance sports participants. During her graduate training, she collaborated with Shirley Ryan AbilityLab’s Prosthetics and Orthotics Center to develop an aggregated transportation service pamphlet for patients, alongside a research proposal investigating how transportation access may be a barrier to P&O service utilization. Yiliu Cao is the 2025-2026 Duke Orthopedic Resident and will receive direct mentorship throughout the design and implementation of the lecture as she seeks continued growth in teaching/presenting. 

DESCRIPTION:

While physical therapists strive for clinical excellence through evidence-based practice and technical skill, we may underestimate how contextual factors—such as cost, insurance coverage, transportation, and provider availability—impact a patient’s rehabilitation experience and outcomes. Clinical expertise holds little value if patients cannot access care. Additionally, the perception of successful rehabilitation varies between clinicians and patients. While therapists often prioritize functional gains, patients may place equal or greater value on an empathetic therapeutic environment where they feel heard, respected, and supported. Therefore, we must treat the whole person, not just the condition, to optimize rehabilitation care.

This discussion will explore how integrating a social health screening tool, especially during subjective history acquisition, can help physical therapists better understand and address the personal and environmental barriers patients face. Considering these contextual factors, we can enhance clinical decision-making, improve outcomes, and move the profession forward through more patient-centered, equitable care.

OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this educational sessions, participants will be able to: 

1. Identify the key social determinants of health (SDOH) that impact patients with musculoskeletal conditions.

2. Describe how SDOH and provider characteristics influence patients' access to care, adherence to treatment plans, overall well-being, and the therapeutic relationship.

3. Explain how physical therapists can incorporate knowledge of SDOH and the impact of provider attributes to move beyond traditional treatment models.

4. Discuss strategies for implementing holistic, patient-centered care to reduce health disparities and improve the effectiveness of musculoskeletal interventions.

5. Analyze the role of physical therapists in advocating for policy changes to contribute to a more equitable healthcare system.

REFERENCES:

Aanesen F, Øiestad BE, Grotle M, Løchting I, Solli R, Sowden G, Wynne-Jones G, Storheim K, Eik H. Implementing a stratified vocational advice intervention for people on sick leave with musculoskeletal disorders: a multimethod process evaluation. J Occup Rehabil. 2022;32(2):306-318. doi:10.1007/s10926-021-10007-6

Rossettini G, Latini TM, Palese A, Jack SM, Ristori D, Gonzatto S, Testa M. Determinants of patient satisfaction in outpatient musculoskeletal physiotherapy: a systematic, qualitative meta-summary, and meta-synthesis. Disabil Rehabil. 2020;42(4):460-472. doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1501102

McCarty D, Shanahan M. Theory-informed clinical practice: how physical therapists can use fundamental interventions to address social determinants of health. Phys Ther. 2021;101(10):pzab158. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab158

Keter D, Hutting N, Vogsland R, Cook CE. Integrating person-centered concepts and modern manual therapy. JOSPT Open. 2024;2(1):60-70. doi:10.2519/josptopen.2023.0812

Thomas AC, Shaver SN, Young JL, Cook CE. Reasons for patient no-shows and drop-offs after initial evaluation in physical therapy outpatient care: a qualitative study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2025;77:103326. doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103326

Carvalho E, Bettger JP, Goode AP. Insurance Coverage, Costs, and Barriers to Care for Outpatient Musculoskeletal Therapy and Rehabilitation Services. N C Med J. 2017;78(5):312-314. doi:10.18043/ncm.78.5.312

Wallace SJ, Barnett A, Cheng BB, Lowe J, Campbell KL, Young AM. What is 'successful rehabilitation'? A multi-stakeholder nominal group technique study to inform rehabilitation outcome measurement. Clin Rehabil. 2023;37(9):1248-1259. doi:10.1177/02692155231157181

Alison Starkey trained at Kings College London, graduated in 1988, and shortly thereafter moved to Canada where she worked for 2 years. She was recruited to Massachusetts General Hospital where she worked in acute care and ICU. Alison soon joined Carolinas Healthcare system (Atrium Health) where she worked in a variety of capacities for over 25 years. She successfully completed an MBA and MHA in 2001 and went on to start her own company Gaitway of Charlotte in 2012. Alison built “Gaitway” from the ground up and now runs a highly successful private in-home concierge therapy company serving the greater Charlotte area. Her passion continues to be keeping seniors out of nursing homes and in the community which is where they want to be. 

Alison is also a Certified Dementia Practitioner, a Certified Aging in Place Specialist, and a Certified Fall Prevention Specialist. Alison is a Credentialed Clinical Educator and a Certified Community Educator with the Alzheimer’s Association. Alison is frequently asked to sit on information panels and discussions throughout the Charlotte area. Alison has published several articles in “All About Seniors” magazine in recent years to include “Fall prevention”, “Rehab in the age of Covid” and “Long Covid – what is it and how is it treated.” She lives in South Charlotte with her British husband and 3 busy teenagers.

DESCRIPTION:

As care in the home has become a focus for healthcare systems and the nursing home industry continues to struggle with staffing and quality, the need for services in the home continues to escalate nationwide. For many families, taking their loved one to a nursing home is not an option and they would much rather keep their loved one at home. How do we support these families and set them up for success?

This course will invite participants to think about how we traditionally take care of patients who are classed as “dependent” with a low probability of improvement. We introduce concepts and solutions for dependent individuals that give them a choice to remain at home and avoid a nursing home or long-term care placement. 

The material in this course will orient participants to the options for dependent patients, ensuring that even though these patients have not responded to traditional rehabilitation environments, they should be afforded specialty care to ensure comfort, safety, and dignity as they live their lives by achieving community re-entry, being part of a family and community, and even being employed.

These strategies have been used extensively in the Spinal Cord Injury population – shouldn’t every dependent client be given the same opportunities?

Attendees will learn that whether a solution is covered by insurance or not, it’s crucial to educate patients and their primary caregivers on what is available and how to access the right equipment and services. 

OBJECTIVES:

a.        Participants will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of Aging in Place, Universal Design and ADA regulations.

b.        Participants will demonstrate and understand how the role rehabilitation professionals impacts decision making for patients and their families as well as how those decisions evolve over a lifetime.

c.        Participants will identify 3 solutions for dependent patients on how to reduce the burden of care on caregivers.

d.        Participants will identify 3 solutions for community access for dependent patients.

REFERENCES:

a.        National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Families caring for an aging America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23606.

b.        Cost of Care Survey Results for 2023: Twenty Years of Tracking Long-Term Care Costs. Genworth website published March 12, 2024, accessed March 30, 2024

c.         Oseroff BH, Ankuda CK, Bollens-Lund E, Garrido MM, Ornstein KA. Patterns of Healthcare Utilization and Spending Among Homebound Older Adults in the USA: an Observational Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2023 Mar;38(4):1001-1007. doi: 10.1007/s11606-022-07742-8. Epub 2022 Aug 9. PMID: 35945471; PMCID: PMC9362988.

d.        Paavola A. CMS proposes home health payment rule: 6 things to know [Internet]. Becker’s Hospital Review. 2021. Available from: https://www. beckershospitalreview.com/finance/cms-proposes-home-health-payment-rule-6-things-to-know.html. Accessed mar 30 2024

e.        Ankuda CK, Husain M, Bollens-Lund E, Leff B, Ritchie CS, Liu SH, Ornstein KA. The dynamics of being homebound over time: A prospective study of Medicare beneficiaries, 2012-2018. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 Jun;69(6):1609-1616. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17086. Epub 2021 Mar 8. PMID: 33683707; PMCID: PMC8192419.

f.        Heiks C, Sabine N. Long Term Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities. Dela J Public Health. 2022 Dec 31;8(5):144-149. doi: 10.32481/djph.2022.12.032. PMID: 36751604; PMCID: PMC9894029.

g.        Ratnayake M; LPCMH; ATR; NCC;1; Lukas S, Brathwaite S, Neave J, Henry H; BS-c;5. Aging in Place:: Are We Prepared? Dela J Public Health. 2022 Aug 31;8(3):28-31. doi: 10.32481/djph.2022.08.007. PMID: 36177171; PMCID: PMC9495472.

Tyler Johnston, PT, DPT, EdD - Board Certified Orthopedic Physical Therapist

Tyler has been practicing PT for the past 10 years after getting his DPT from East Carolina University. He has worked exclusively in OP orthopedics and has specialized in treating individuals suffering with chronic neck and low back pain. He obtained his Orthopedic Certified Specialist certification from the APTA (2022) and graduated with his Doctorate of Education in Kinesiology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (2024). He is an Assistant professor at Winston-Salem State University in their physical therapy program. His research focuses on the relationship developed between the patient and therapist and how therapists use this therapeutic relationship in clinical practice. His research is meant to provide education for working clinicians to help them improve their clinical practice with simple and practical information.

DESCRIPTION:

Physical therapy is a patient facing healthcare profession and much of our success relies on interacting with our patients. To be a successful therapist, one must be able to interact with their patients addressing their wants and needs while implementing the best evidence based treatments. Although emphasis is frequently placed on what we do TO patients, what we do WITH patients should be seen as just as important. The presentation focuses on how therapists can interact with their patients to improve patients compliance with therapy. The concept of patient-centered care, patients' educational and physical needs for certain ailments, ways to build a therapeutic relationship, and verbal and non-verbal communication styles will be discussed. Those who attend this presentation will leave with simple and practical ways to improve the care they provide to their patients. 

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session, participants will be able to: 

explain current evidence about patient needs and wants from physical therapy for musculoskeletal conditions

compare how they build a connection with their patients versus what patients want during physical therapy

discuss barriers that limit therapists ability to build connections with their patients in clinical practice

apply simple tactics to better connect with their patients in clinical practice to improve their physical therapy care

REFERENCES:

1. Miciak M, Mayan M, Brown C, Joyce AS, Gross DP. A framework for establishing connections in physiotherapy practice. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019;35(1):40-56. doi:10.1080/09593985.2018.1434707

2. Nilan J, Doltani D, Harmon D. Assessment of patient concerns: a review. Ir J Med Sci. 2018;187(3):545-551. doi:10.1007/s11845-018-1741-1

3. Oliveira VC, Refshauge KM, Ferreira ML, et al. Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2012;58(4):215-229. doi:10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70123-6

4. Ahlsen B, Nilsen AB. Getting in touch: Communication in physical therapy practice and the multiple functions of language. Front Rehabil Sci. 2022;3:882099. doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.882099

5. Chou L, Ranger TA, Peiris W, et al. Patients’ perceived needs for allied health, and complementary and alternative medicines for low back pain: A systematic scoping review. Health Expect. 2018;21(5):824-847. doi:10.1111/hex.12676

6. Chi-Lun-Chiao A, Chehata M, Broeker K, et al. Patients’ perceptions with musculoskeletal disorders regarding their experience with healthcare providers and health services: an overview of reviews. Arch Physiother. 2020;10:17. doi:10.1186/s40945-020-00088-6

7. Lim YZ, Chou L, Au RT, et al. People with low back pain want clear, consistent and personalised information on prognosis, treatment options and self-management strategies: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2019;65(3):124-135. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2019.05.010

8. Hutting N, Caneiro JP, Ong’wen OM, Miciak M, Roberts L. Person-centered care for musculoskeletal pain: Putting principles into practice. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. 2022;62:102663. doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102663

9. Hoffmann T, Bakhit M, Michaleff Z. Shared decision making and physical therapy: What, when, how, and why? Braz J Phys Ther. 2022;26(1):100382. doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.100382

10. Bachmann C, Oesch P, Bachmann S. Recommendations for improving adherence to home-based exercise: a systematic review. Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin. 2018;28:01.

Darlene K. Sekerak, PT, PhD, FAPTA is Professor Emeritus and past Director, Division of Physical Therapy and Associate Chair for Clinical Services at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She currently resides in Grassy Creek, NC. She practiced as a clinical physical therapist for eleven years in multiple settings, and over forty years in teaching, and directing graduate studies, and in education and clinical administration. She currently is an adjunct professor at UNC-Chapel Hill teaching courses in leadership, professional issues and advocacy.

Dr. Sekerak is currently the Western North Carolina Outreach Director for Dying Right NC, a nonprofit advocacy group for expansion of, and respect for, end-of-life options. Her passion for end-of-life options including medical aid in dying has evolved from her experience as a healthcare provider treating individuals in the final months of life, as a daughter who has experienced the steady and unforgiving decline of a parent before death, and as a woman who would personally value the right and respect to be able to make the most final and personal choices.  

Jane F. DeLoach, PT, DPT,  has been a physical therapist for over 50 years, practicing clinically for over 40 years primarily in the area of geriatrics and in home health and geriatrics for UNC REX Healthcare for the past 30 years. She currently resides in Raleigh, NC.

Dr. DeLoach was an Instructor in the Department of Physical Therapy at UNC-CH for approximately 10 years teaching Advanced Patient Management for the geriatric patient and is currently an Instructor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Georgia State University in Atlanta, GA teaching the geriatric component of Lifespan Development including end-of-life transition.

Dr. DeLoach has cared for innumerable patients, families, and caregivers facing death. She had personal experience with the death of her father at home when there was no hospice or palliative care available, and the death of her mother in an inpatient hospice facility. Recently, Dr DeLoach had personal experience with the pathway Death With Dignity as a long- time friend chose this for her own peace of mind, comfort, dignity and autonomy.  

DESCRIPTION:

When patients are ready to talk about dying, are we ready to listen? To provide truly compassionate care, physical therapists must be prepared for authentic and empathetic conversations about end-of-life options. The program will explore the nuances and options associated with hospice care, palliative care, and medical aid in dying. 

With the aging of the “baby boomers”, there have been more inquiries related to dying well, dying with dignity, and dying with medical aid. The findings of a self-report on-line survey of US adults by Kozlov and colleagues in 2024 suggest there is a need for public education, policy initiatives, and patient-clinician discussions to ensure equitable access to patient-centered end-of-life options and informed decision-making. 

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this educational session participants will be able to:

1)Comfortably, confidently, and compassionately field questions from caregivers and from patients regarding the “next steps” in the continuum of life and the services available with Hospice, Palliative Care, or Medical Aid in Dying;

2) Dispel misinformation regarding end-of-life options common among patients, families, and other health care providers;

3) Participate in patient or family-initiated conversations regarding end-of-life options objectively and with respect for the patient’s personal ethical, moral, and religious beliefs; 

4) Share current information with patients regarding legal end-of-life options available to patients in North Carolina or other states and jurisdictions without residency requirements;

5) Make appropriate referrals without judgement for patients requesting information or services in anticipation of the end of life. 

REFERENCES:

Barnes C, Mueller K, Fawcett L, Wagner B. Living and dying in a disparate health care system: Rationale and strategies for cultural humility in palliative and hospice care physical therapy. Rehabil Oncol. 2020;38(1):30-38.

Patton B, Wilson CM. Palliative care physical therapy: The challenges and the opportunities. Rehabil Oncol. 2021;39(3):E70-E72.

Fawcett L. Integration of palliative and hospice care in physical therapy: A much-needed professional paradigm shift.  Rehabil Oncol. 2020;38(1):E7-E9.

Young JE, Jaye C, Egan R, Winters J, Egan T. The discursive context of medical aid in dying: A paradox of control? Soc Sci and Med. 2021;(291):114501

Singer J, Daum C, Evans A, Schneider S, Vugrin M, Loggers E. An examination and proposed theoretical model of risk and protective factors for bereavement outcomes for family members of individuals who engaged in medical aid in dying: A systematic review. Palliative Med 2023;37(7):7958.

Kozlov E,. Luth EA, Nemeth S, Becker TD, Duberstein PR, Knowledge of and preferences for medical aid in dying. JAMA Network Open. 2025;8(2):e2461495. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.61495